Review of Basic Chemistry

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Presentation transcript:

Review of Basic Chemistry Chapter 2: Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life Life requires about 25 elements carbon (C) oxygen (O) hydrogen (H) nitrogen (N)

Chapter 2: Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life Atoms and molecules: *Atomic number *Mass number The energy levels of electrons: *electrons vary in energy Energy Potential energy

*chemical behavior due to electrons Chapter 2: Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life Energy levels of electrons Electron configuration and chemical properties: *chemical behavior due to electrons

Chapter 2: Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life Atoms combine by chemical bonding to form molecules *Chemical behavior depends on valence electrons *Covalent bond Examples: Covalent bond Double Covalent bond

Chapter 2: Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life Atoms combine by chemical bonding to form molecules: Another example: Compound *electronegativity nonpolar covalent bond polar covalent bond Example: H2O - water

Chapter 2: Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life Atoms combine by chemical bonding to form molecules: *ionic bonds *ion *cation *anion 11 17 ionic compounds or salts

Chapter 2: Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life Atoms combine by chemical bonding to form molecules: *bonding between molecules Hydrogen bonds:

Chapter 2: Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life Water: what’s the big deal? Polarity of water: *Hydrogen bonding *Cohesion water transport in plants adhesion

Chapter 2: Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life Water is the solvent of life *solution *solvent *solute *aqueous solution *polar and ionic molecules can be dissolved in water

Chapter 2: Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life Hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances *hydrophilic *hydrophobic The dissociation of water molecules H2O H+ + OH- Acids and bases *acid *base

Chapter 2: Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life The pH scale

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