QOTD Against which of the following individuals would Georgians have been MOST bitter or angry following the Civil War? a) William T. Sherman. b) Robert E. Lee. c) Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson. d) Andrew Johnson.

QOTD Against which of the following individuals would Georgians have been MOST bitter or angry following the Civil War? a) William T. Sherman.

Today’s Standard SSUSH 9 Describe President Lincoln’s efforts to preserve the Union as seen in his second inaugural address

The Aftermath of the Civil War 1865 Reconstruction The Aftermath of the Civil War 1865

The Devastation of the South War had destroyed much of the nation; especially the South 2/3 of the South’s shipping industry was destroyed 9,000 miles of RR Livestock, bridges, canals, farmland Southern property value plummets 70% 1) Reconstruction The US government’s plan to restore the country

Casualties of War The North lost 364,000 soldiers The South lost 260,000 38,000 Northern African Americans died 2) 600,000 Americans

Abraham Lincoln & the South March 1865 3) Lincoln gives his 2nd Inaugural Address after being re-elected in 1864 He’s not triumphant, but sad for the South He wants to bring them in peacefully and without harsh treatment He is also setting the stage for induction of African-Americans as citizens of the United States

Abraham Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan 4) The Ten-Percent Plan Offered a pardon, to any Confederate who would take an oath of allegiance to the Union Southern states could create new Constitutions after 10% of voters swore allegiance to the Union. States could hold elections then resume in being part of the Union This was a lenient plan

The Radical Republicans 5) The Radical Republicans in Congress opposed Lincoln’s plan They felt it was too lenient on the South and they wanted to be stricter Their plan was the Wade-Davis Bill Stricter than Lincoln Lincoln pocket vetoed the Wade-Davis Bill Lincoln is assassinated on April 14th, 1865

Lincoln Assassinated April 14th, 1865 Lincoln and his wife go to see a play at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C. 6) John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate sympathizer Sneaks into box where the president is sitting and shoots him in the back of the head Lincoln dies the next morning Andrew Johnson, Lincoln’s VP is now president

President Andrew Johnson Andrew Johnson (D) 17th President Former slave-owner from Tennessee; Lincoln’s vice president Takes office after Lincoln’s death in April 1865 Radical Republicans hoped he would be strict but no… 1) Presidential Reconstruction Also lenient on the South

Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan A) Pardoned all southerners who swore allegiance to the Union B) States could write constitutions W/O Lincoln’s 10 percent allegiance requirement C) States had to abolish secession, slavery, and cancel Confederate debt States could then hold elections then join the Union.

Johnson vs. Radical Republicans Round 1 Johnson was an intelligent man But, he was a Democratic president up against a Republican Congress 2) The Radicals passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 The South is put under martial law to ensure they give equal rights to African Americans Johnson tries to veto it but it eventually is overridden and is put into force

Newfound Freedom 1) 4 million former slaves were freed in the South after the war 4 basic freedoms They could travel wherever they wanted to in the US Redistributed southern lands were given to them Freedom to Worship – numerous churches were formed 30 African American colleges were founded between 1865 and 1870

The Freedmen’s Bureau 2) Freedmen’s Bureau Act Set up in March 1865, months before Lincoln’s death First major federal relief agency in US History Provided clothing, medical supplies, and food Education – 250,000 African-Americans got their first formal education

Problems Under Johnson’s Plan Presidential Reconstruction Johnson’s Plan Very lenient on the South Southern leaders take advantage and continue to limit African Americans in the South African-Americans are still limited in the South 3) Jim Crow Laws “Black Codes” Enforced in the South

The 14th Amendment Congress under the Radical Republicans want equal rights for African Americans June 1866 4) The 14th Amendment Extends American citizenship regardless of race, color, or creed.

Johnson vs. The Radicals Round 2 1868 – Johnson and the Radical Republicans get into it again… Johnson tries to fire Edwin Stanton as Secretary of War Stanton was a friend of the Radicals – it was the perfect opportunity for them to oust Johnson as President 2) Radicals say it is a violation of the Tenure of Office Act They voted to impeach Johnson Johnson remains in office by one vote

The Election of 1868 Johnson serves the remainder of his term quietly but with 0 popularity 3) The Election of 1868 Radical Republicans nominate Ulysses S. Grant The former victorious Union general from the Civil War Grant wins 18th President

The 15th Amendment February of 1869 4) 15th Amendment is passed Citizens can vote regardless of race, color, or creed 1870 – African Americans begin voting in legislative elections