Sectional Anatomy of the Brain Dr. G.R. Leichnetz

Coronal Sections

Coronal Section: Head of Caudate Superior frontal gyrus Middle frontal gyrus Cingulate gyrus Inferior frontal gyrus Septum pellucidum Corpus callosum Anterior horn, Lateral ventricle Lateral sulcus Insular cortex Anterior limb, internal capsule Head of caudate nucleus Rostrum, corpus callosum

Coronal Section: Striatum Superior frontal gyrus Middle frontal gyrus Cingulate gyrus Septum pellucidum separating lateral ventricles Inferior frontal gyrus (Broca’s area) Insular cortex Putamen Anterior limb, internal capsule Caudate nucleus (head)

MRI Coronal Section: Striatum Superior frontal gyrus Middle frontal gyrus Ant. limb, int. capsule Inferior frontal gyrus Caudate nucleus Putamen Caudate nucleus Putamen

Coronal Section: Anterior Commissure/ Optic Chiasm Fornix Interventricular foramen of Monro Globus pallidus Fornix columns split above anterior commissure Putamen Claustrum Lateral sulcus Superior temporal gyrus Opening in lamina terminalis Optic chiasm

Coronal Section: Optic Chiasm Closeup Extreme capsule Fornix Caudate Interventricular foramen of Monro connects lateral ventricle to third ventricle External capsule Internal capsule Choroid plexus Putamen Globus pallidus Fornix columns over anterior commissure External segment Internal segment AC Basal forebrain Claustrum Hole in lamina terminalis exposes front end of third ventricle Optic chiasm

MRI Coronal Section: Optic Chiasm Caudate nucleus Putamen Globus pallidus Amygdala Optic chiasm

Coronal Section: Thalamus/ Amygdala Interventricular foramen of Monro connects lateral ventricle to third ventricle Fornix Globus pallidus Caudate (body) Putamen Posterior limb, internal capsule Insular cortex Thalamus Superior temporal gyrus Amygdala Middle temporal gyrus Hypothalamus Optic tract

Coronal Section: Thalamus/ Amygdala Closeup Caudate Fornix Posterior limb, internal capsule Interventricular foramen Thalamus Putamen Globus pallidus Third ventricle External segment Fornix Internal segment Hypothalamus Claustrum Amygdala Optic tract Optic nerve Optic chiasm

Caudate nucleus Putamen & Globus pallidus Third ventricle Amygdala

Coronal Section: Subthalamus/ Mammillary Bodies Fornix Thalamus Third ventricle Subthalamus Hippocampus Mammillary Bodies (hypothalamus) Uncus Parahippocampal gyrus

Coronal Section: Subthalamus/ Mammillary Bodies Caudate nucleus Posterior limb, internal capsule Fornix Putamen Thalamus Subthalamic nucleus Temporal horn of lateral ventricle Globus pallidus Subthalamus Optic tract Hippocampus Mammillary bodies Uncus of parahippocampal gyrus

Coronal Section: Subthalamus/ Hippocampus Posterior limb, internal capsule Putamen & Globus pallidus Subthalamus Thalamus Hippocampus Superior transverse temporal gyri III Temporal horn, lateral ventricle Parahippocampal gyrus

Coronal Section: Subthalamus Closeup Caudate nucleus Fornix Globus pallidus Post. limb, internal capsule Third ventricle Thalamus Putamen Subthalamic nucleus Optic tract Fimbria of fornix (origin from hippocampus) Hippocampus Oculomotor nerves (III) exit from interpeduncular fossa

Coronal Section: Pulvinar/ Rostral Midbrain Caudalmost third ventricle into cerebral aqueduct Pulvinar of thalamus Lateral geniculate nucleus Substantia nigra Crus cerebri Hippocampus Oculomotor nerves (III) exit interpeduncular fossa Parahippocampal gyrus

Coronal Section: Pulvinar/ Rostral Midbrain Closeup Cerebral aqueduct Fornix Crus cerebri Pulvinar Red nucleus Substantia nigra Temporal horn, lateral ventricle Lateral geniculate nucleus Hippocampus III Parahippocampal gyrus

Coronal Section: Pulvinar/Midbrain Pineal gland Splenium of corpus callosum Cingulate gyrus Pulvinar Substantia nigra Lateral geniculate nucleus Cerebral aqueduct Hippocampus Red nucleus Interpeduncular fossa Small part of basilar pons

Coronal Section: Midbrain II Splenium of corpus callosum The lateral ventricle extends into the temporal horn (trigone) Pulvinar, caudal end of thalamus Hippocampal commissure (below splenium) connects the two hippocampi Fornix originates from the hippocampus Optic radiations (vertical sheet) course caudally in the wall of the lateral ventricle toward cuneus & lingual gyri Superior colliculus Basilar pons Parahippocampal gyrus

Coronal Section: Midbrain II Closeup Trigone (body of lateral ventricle courses ventrally to join temporal horn) Medial geniculate body Pulvinar Splenium Crus of fornix Hippocampal commissure Fimbria of fornix Superior colliculus Cerebral aqueduct and periaqueductal gray Oculomotor nucleus Hippocampus Basilar pons Substantia nigra

Rostral Midbrain Superior colliculus Cerebral aqueduct Goss Cerebral aqueduct Rostral Midbrain Substantia nigra Crus cerebri (cerebral peduncle) Oculomotor nerve (III)

Caudal Midbrain Inferior colliculus Cerebral aqueduct Goss Cerebral aqueduct Trochlear nerve (IV) Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle Caudal Midbrain Basilar pons

Rostral Pons Anterior medullary velum Rostral 4th ventricle Goss Superior cerebellar peduncle Pontine tegmentum Rostral Pons Locus ceruleus Basilar pons

Caudal Pons Superior cerebellar peduncle Vermis Fourth ventricle Goss Vermis Caudal Pons Fourth ventricle Facial colliculus Pontine tegmentum Basilar pons Middle cerebellar peduncle

Rostral Medulla Deep Cerebellar Nuclei Goss

Cross Sections: Rostral Medulla Vermis Deep cerebellar nuclei Choroid plexus in 4th ventricle Inferior cerebellar peduncle Lateral recess of 4th ventricle Middle cerebellar peduncle Foramen of Luschka Inferior olivary nucleus Glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X) nerves exit postolivary sulcus CN IX & X Flocculus Corticospinal tract in medullary pyramid Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Caudal Medulla Fasciculus graciclis Fasciculus cuneatus Goss Nucleus gracilis Caudal Medulla Nucleus cuneatus Spinal nucleus V Pyramidal tract

MRI Horizontal Sections The planes of horizontal MRI’s are parallel to the top of the head. A section through the thalamus shows all portions of the internal capsule.

Horizontal Section: Internal Capsule Third ventricle Putamen Globus pallidus Cuneus and lingual gyri Posterior commissure, pineal gland Anterior limb, internal capsule Genu, internal capsule Thalamus Genu, corpus callosum Caudate nucleus Posterior horn, lateral ventricle Septum pellucidum separates lateral ventricles Optic radiations Posterior limb, internal capsule Fornix and interventricular foramen

MRI Horizontal Section Lentiform nucleus (putamen & globus pallidus) Thalamus Caudate nucleus Genu, corpus callosum Splenium, corpus callosum Ant. limb, int. capsule Genu, int. capsule Post. limb, int. capsule