Honors Human Anatomy and Physiology See how it is made and find out how it works!

You! Anatomy - the structure and the organization of an organism and its parts Physiology - the functioning of a living organism and its parts.

Organization The body is organized in increasingly complex levels.

Chemical Organization C, H, O, N, P Lipids Carbohydrates Proteins Nucleic Acids Ions Chemical Organization

Cellular Organization Cells - the basic unit of structure and function of all living things. 7 Diverse groups of cells (200 types) What are the 7 main groups of cells based on function? Pg 75

Tissues Groups of cells that resemble each other and perform a specific function

Organ Groups of tissues that function together to perform a complete body function.

Organ Systems A group of organs that function to complete a body function Ex. Digestive system

Organism – The most complex level of organization.

Maintaining Life Survival depends on 8 basic functions. Maintaining boundaries Movement Responsiveness Digestion Metabolism Excretion Reproduction Growth 5 needs for survival Nutrients Oxygen‘ Water Moderate temperatures Atmospheric pressure

Maintaining Boundaries Membranes that allow communication with the environment and protect the organism from the environment. Integumentary System –

Movement The muscular and skeletal systems manipulate the body in the environment and to manipulate the environment around the body. They also allow the body to move substances through itself.

Responsiveness The electrochemical nervous system provides a rapid response system for the body. Reflexes protect you from pain, speed up the heart rate and increases respiration.

Digestion Breaking down large foods into simple molecules that can be carried in the blood stream and be used by the body.

Metabolism The endocrine system controls the synthesis and decomposition reactions that rearrange molecules to provide energy, build and recycle cellular structures.

Excretion The digestive and excretory systems are responsible for removing wastes from the body .

Reproduction Producing offspring from specialized cells is regulated by the endocrine system.

Growth The endocrine system uses hormones to stimulate the production of cells faster than the rate of the destruction of cells.

Homeostasis The ability to maintain stable internal conditions in a fluctuating environment.

Most body mechanisms are negative feed back systems that return the body to normal.

Temperature Cold Heat

Positive Feedback take settings from the normal. Labor and delivery Blood Clotting

Grave Robbers The story of Xavier Bichet - founder of the study of pathologic anatomy. “Borrowed” dead bodies from graves and studied it. He cut it, boiled it, pickled it and studied it. He decided that the body was made of different tissues - lung tissue, muscle tissue, epithelial tissue, bone tissue, etc. And that disease attacked tissues and not the whole body. You could correlate the symptoms of a disease with the tissues attacked.

How many body cavities are there? Dorsal – Ventral - The body is not a solid structure it contains open spaces that contain internal organs.

The dorsal cavity consists of the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity. The cranial cavity contains the brain. The spinal cavity contains the spinal cord.

The ventral cavity consists of the thorax (chest) and the abdominopelvic cavity (abdomen) The thorax consists of two pleural cavities and the mediastinum. The abdominopelvic cavity consists of the abdomen and the pelvic cavity.

Anatomical Position and Body Planes

Body Regions

Body Landmarks

Directional Terms