Describing Motion Motion Speed & Velocity Acceleration Motion & Forces Pgs 63-75 Describing Motion Motion Speed & Velocity Acceleration

Newton’s First Law Newton’s First Law of Motion An object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will continue moving at a constant velocity unless acted upon by a net force. motion constant velocity net force

A. Motion Problem: Is your desk moving? We need a reference point... nonmoving point from which motion is measured

A. Motion Motion Change in position in relation to a reference point.

A. Motion Problem: You are a passenger in a car stopped at a stop sign. Out of the corner of your eye, you notice a tree on the side of the road begin to move forward. You have mistakenly set yourself as the reference point.

v d t B. Speed & Velocity Speed rate of motion distance traveled per unit time

B. Speed & Velocity Instantaneous Speed speed at a given instant Average Speed

B. Speed & Velocity Problem: A storm is 10 km away and is moving at a speed of 60 km/h. Should you be worried? It depends on the storm’s direction!

B. Speed & Velocity Velocity speed in a given direction can change even when the speed is constant!

t a C. Acceleration Acceleration the rate of change of velocity vf - vi t Acceleration the rate of change of velocity change in speed or direction a: acceleration vf: final velocity vi: initial velocity t: time

C. Acceleration Positive acceleration “speeding up” Negative acceleration “slowing down”

t d v D. Calculations d = 100 m v = d ÷ t t = 20 s Your neighbor skates at a speed of 4 m/s. You can skate 100 m in 20 s. Who skates faster? GIVEN: d = 100 m t = 20 s v = ? WORK: v = d ÷ t v = (100 m) ÷ (20 s) v = 5 m/s You skate faster! v d t

E. Graphing Motion slope = speed steeper slope = straight line = * 07/16/96 E. Graphing Motion Distance-Time Graph A B slope = steeper slope = straight line = flat line = speed faster speed constant speed no motion *

E. Graphing Motion Who started out faster? A (steeper slope) Distance-Time Graph A B Who started out faster? A (steeper slope) Who had a constant speed? A Describe B from 10-20 min. B stopped moving Find their average speeds. A = (2400m) ÷ (30min) A = 80 m/min B = (1200m) ÷ (30min) B = 40 m/min

E. Graphing Motion Distance-Time Graph Acceleration is indicated by a curve on a Distance-Time graph. Changing slope = changing velocity

E. Graphing Motion acceleration slope = +ve = speeds up Speed-Time Graph acceleration +ve = speeds up -ve = slows down slope = straight line = flat line = constant accel. no accel. (constant velocity)

E. Graphing Motion Specify the time period when the object was... Speed-Time Graph Specify the time period when the object was... slowing down 5 to 10 seconds speeding up 0 to 3 seconds moving at a constant speed 3 to 5 seconds not moving 0 & 10 seconds