HEBREWS OUTLINE 1. Hebrews Overview, History, Author 2. Jesus is better than the angels 1-2 3. An Apostle better than Moses 3 4. Entering God’s Rest 4 5. A Priest better than Aaronic Priesthood 5-7 6. A better Covenant 8-10 7. A better Sanctuary 9 8. A better Sacrifice 10 9. Practical Applications 10:18-13 10. Hall of Faith 11 11. Exhortation for Endurance 12-13 12. The Five Warnings 2:1-3; 3:17-4:13; 5:11-6:20; 10:26-31; 12:25-29

THE NEW TESTAMENT Gospels & Acts - 5 Matthew Mark Luke John Acts Prophetic - 1 Revelation Paul’s Epistles - 13 Romans 1,2 Corinthians Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians 1,2 Thessalonians 1,2 Timothy Titus Philemon Hebrew Epistles – 8 Hebrews James 1,2 Peter 1,2,3 John Jude 7 Churches Prison Major Doctrinal Epistles Pastoral

THE HEBREW CHRISTIAN EPISTLES Not one was addressed to a church Warnings seem to contrast assurances of the church Romans 8  Hebrews 6 & 10 Ephesians 2 & Philippians 1  2 Peter 1 Widely misunderstood

THE EPISTLE TO THE HEBREWS Doctrines focused on; Christology Inheritance Soteriology Eschatology Israelology

THE EPISTLE TO THE HEBREWS Prior understandings; 1 of 2 greatest theological treatises in NT Israel is not a subset of the nations Leviticus of the NT Temple was still standing

THE JEWISH DILEMMA A divinely appointed religion Divinely appointed priests officiating in a Divinely appointed Temple accomplishing a Divinely appointed ordered service

PERSECUTION The church in Jerusalem Already lost Stephen Acts 7:59-60 Lost James the Apostle Acts 12:2 Others Acts 8:1-3, 26:10 The church in Galatia Gal 1:22

AUTHOR’S OBJECTIVES Combat apostasy 2:1-4; 10:19-25 Encourage to continue 5:1-14; 10:32-39 Offer comfort 11:1-12; 3

AUTHOR’S METHOD Superiority of the Messiah to 3 pillars of Judaism; Angels Moses Levitical Priesthood Poses five major warnings

CHRIST THE BETTER WAY Jesus – the new and better deliverer 1:7 God better than the angles 1,2 Apostle better than Moses 3 Leader better than Joshua 4:1-13 Priest better than Aaron 4:14-17 Cross – new and better covenant 8-9 Offers better promises Opens better sanctuary Sealed by better sacrifice Achieves better results Faith – true and better response 10-12

HEBREWS Author is unknown Priscilla – no evidence Apollos – no evidence even in Alexandria Barnabas – no evidence Paul – circumstantial type evidence Had vast knowledge of OT Hellenistic Jew writing to Jewish believers

ARGUMENT FOR PAUL Multiple stylistic evidence Peter’s comment 2 Peter 3:15-16 Paul’s personal Mark 2 Thess 3:18 Romans 16:24 1 Corinthians 16:23-24 2 Corinthians 13:14 Galatians 6:18 Ephesians 6:24 Philippians 4:23 Colossians 4:18 1 Thessalonians 5:28 Philemon 25 1 Timothy 6:21 2 Timothy 4:22 Titus 3:15 The word “GRACE” does not appear in any other epistle except 2 Peter 3:18 where it is not used as a salutation.

ARGUMENT FOR PAUL In Romans 8:35-39 Paul lists 17 things that cannot separate us from God’s love. He lists 7 things Then adds 10 more In Hebrews 12:18-24 he has a similar list of 17; Again there are 7 things Then adds 10 more In Galatians 5:19-21 there is another list of 17 things

ARGUMENT FOR PAUL Paul uses the Greek word huios “sons” instead of teknon “children Doctrines discussed in Romans 8:16 & Hebrews 10:15 are co-linear 1 Corinthians 3:13 & Hebrews 5:12-14 are co-linear Paul is the only writer that ever says “pray for us” In chapter 13 we learn that Timothy was a companion of the writer. Timothy accompanied Paul 2 Cor 1:1; Col 1:1; 1Thes 1:1

HABAKKUK 2:4 This verse led to a trilogy of epistles in the NT: The Just Shall Live By Faith The Just . . . Romans Rom 1:17 Shall Live . . . Galatians Gal 3:11 By Faith . . . Hebrews Heb 10:39 Hab 2:4 was for pivotal to Martin Luther and the Reformation.

WHY ANONYMOUS? If the book was written by Paul His primary mission was to the Gentiles Acts 9:15 But had a deep burden for the Jews The Jews hated him because he abandoned Judaism The Gentiles reviled him because he persecuted the church Paul never defends his apostleship, relies solely on OT (LXX) Probably written before AD 70 and serves as a warning

15 But the Lord said unto him, Go thy way: for he is a chosen vessel unto me, to bear my name before the Gentiles, and kings, and the children of Israel: 16 For I will shew him how great things he must suffer for my name's sake. Act 9:15-16 Many early church fathers attributed the book to Paul Clement of Rome Clement of Alexandria Pantaenus Eusebius

THE READERS They were Jewish – many OT quotes They were believers – “saved” Warns of going back to Judaism He calls them brethren 3:1,12 He calls them beloved 6:9 They are partakers of the heavenly calling 3:1 They are partakers of Christ 3:14 The warnings are only applicable if they are believers

THE READERS They and the author are 2nd generation 2:3-4 Believers for long time, should now be teachers 5:11-14 But are spiritually immature Wavering because of persecution 10:32-38 They know the author 13:19, 23

THE READERS They and the author are 2nd generation 2:3-4 Believers for long time, should now be teachers 5:11-14 But are spiritually immature Wavering because of persecution 10:32-38 They know the author 13:19, 23 Addressed to a community of considerable size 13:34 Written by someone who had been in bonds 10:34 And been separated from the believers 13:19

5 MAJOR WARNINGS The danger of drifting 2:1-4 The danger of disobedience 3:7-4: 13 Progress towards maturity 5:11-6:20 16 different views 6:4-8 The danger of willful sin 10:26-39 Warning against indifference 12:25-29

5 MAJOR WARNINGS Were written to all believers Do not represent losing salvation – justification Admonish believers to press on – overcomers Express very real possibility for loss of rewards - privilege

THE PARADIGM OF SALVATION Justification (Past Tense) The gift from God of everlasting life received by faith alone in Jesus Christ Sanctification (Present Tense) A progressive work that involves both faith and works of the believer Glorification (Future Tense) A result of the other two, believers will be resurrected and receive a glorified body.

THE PARADIGM OF SALVATION Past Tense Justification Separation from the Penalty of sin Present Tense Sanctification Separation from the Power of sin Future Tense Glorification Separation from the Presence of sin

THE PARADIGM OF SALVATION Justification Is for us Declares the sinner righteous Removes the Guilt & Penalty of sin Sanctification Is in us Makes the sinner righteous Removes the growth & power of sin

THE HEAVENLIES IN HEBREWS Christ in the Heavenlies 1:3 The Heavenly calling 3:1 The Heavenly gift 6:4 Heavenly things 8:5 Heavenly country 11:16 Heavenly Jerusalem 12:22 Names written in Heaven 12:23

[Heb 1:1-3 KJV] 1 God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto the fathers by the prophets, 2 Hath in these last days spoken unto us by [his] Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also he made the worlds; 3 Who being the brightness of [his] glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high;