China: From Republic to Communist Power

China before WWII Had a revolution in 1911 Got rid of ancient Chinese emperor system Tired of being “carved up like a melon” – push around by European imperialist powers

Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1866 – 1925) Led the Revolution of 1911

Chinese Warlords, 1920s China was in chaos after the revolution Warlords established control Yuan Shi-kai

China in 1924

Mao Zedong As a Young Revolutionary One of the groups competing for power were Communists, led by Mao Focused on getting support of peasants

Chiang Kai-shek Becomes President of Nationalist China, 1928 The new leader of the republic – tried to stop Mao’s rebellion

The Long March 1934

The Long March Mao’s forces fled Chiang Kai-shek – up into the remote mountains, losing many Communist forces to exposure, hunger, battles, etc.

Survivors of the March At the end of the Long March, only a small, extremely dedicated force remained, with Mao in leadership

Japan Invades China 1937

Japanese Aggression, 1931 - 1945 Japan invaded China, along with East & Southeast Asia to carve for itself a “sphere of influence”

The Communist Revolution: 1946 - 1949

The Peoples’ Liberation Army, 1949 Civil War began again, after the Japanese were expelled from China WWII ended and the Japanese were expelled from China. Civil War began again between the nationalists and communists.

The Communist Victory

Taiwan: The Republic of China

Jiang Jieshu (1887-1975) (Chiang Kai-shek)

The People’s Republic of China

Reasons for the Communists’ Success Mao won support of peasants – land Mao won support of women Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt (too much foreign influence)

Communist China Under Mao Industrialized China Increased literacy Class privileges ended Rural Chinese received health care One-party dictatorship Denied people basic rights and freedoms

The Great Leap Forward (or Backward?) 1958-1961

Great Leap Forward, 1958 Built backyard furnaces to make iron 5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry Built backyard furnaces to make iron Failed due to poor quality of products, no one working in fields – MASS FAMINE

The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution 1966 - 1976

A Campaign Against the “FOUR OLDS” Old Thoughts Old Culture Old Customs Old Habits To Rebel Is Good!

Smash the Old World. Establish a New World.

Cultural Revolution Designed to reinstall a revolutionary spirit To deflect from Great Leap Forward’s failure Red Guards – students who attacked professors, government officials, factory managers

A Red Guard

With regard to the great teacher Chairman Mao, cherish the word 'Loyalty'. With regard to the great Mao Zedong Thought, vigorously stress the word 'Usefullness'. (1968) Cult of Personality

The reddest, reddest, red sun in our heart, Chairman Mao, and us together Zhejiang Workers, Farmers and Soldiers Art Academy collective, 1968 Mao’s Little Red Book

Propaganda Poster

Go among the workers, peasants and soldiers, and into the thick of struggle! 1967-1972

Propaganda Poster

Propaganda Poster

Propaganda Poster

Assignment *Page 539 *Copy the “Chinese Political Opponents” chart onto your notes. *Answer the skillbuilder questions.

Japan’s Invasion

Japanese Soldiers March into Nanking December 9, 1937

Victims of the Japanese bombing of Shanghai.

The Japanese Invasion, 1937

Beheadings Took Place in Public

“Ping-Pong Diplomacy”: U. S. Players at Great Wall, 1971

Mao Meets President Nixon, 1972

Power Struggle Communist Traditionalists Modernists Zhou Enlai 1976 Zhou Enlai “The Gang of Four”: Jiang Qin, Chen Boda, Wang Hongwen, Yao Wenyuan

Communist Government and a Capitalist Economy

Deng Xiaoping (1905-1997)

De-Maoization “The 4 Modernizations” Progress in: Industry Science Agriculture Industry Science Defense Class struggle was no longer the central focus!

Gap Between Rich & Poor Deng: If you open a window, some flies naturally get in!

Tiananmen Square, 1989 More democracy!

Student activist, Wang Dan, Beijing University Tiananmen Square, 1989 Student activist, Wang Dan, Beijing University

Democracy—Our Common Ideal! Tiananmen Square, 1989 Democracy—Our Common Ideal!

The “Goddess of Democracy” Tiananmen Square, 1989 The “Goddess of Democracy”

The Government Clamps Down Tiananmen Square, 1989 The Government Clamps Down

Tiananmen Square, 1989 One Lone Man’s Protest

The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In Tiananmen Square, 1989 The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In

The Massacre: A Human Body Crushed by an Army Tank Tiananmen Square, 1989 The Massacre: A Human Body Crushed by an Army Tank

The Army Looks for Dissidents Tiananmen Square, 1989 The Army Looks for Dissidents

Student Leaders Are Arrested Tiananmen Square, 1989 Student Leaders Are Arrested

Chinese Students Mourn the Dead Tiananmen Square, 1989 Chinese Students Mourn the Dead

The Reestablishment of Order Tiananmen Square, 1989 The Reestablishment of Order