Communist China

Chinese Civil War Communist: Mao Zedong Nationalist Chiang Kai-Shek

1949 – Fall of China Chiang Kai-Shek was defeated by Mao’s Red Army Nationalist flee to island of Taiwan Oct 1, Mao proclaims People’s Republic of China (PRC) Two months later, Mao travels to Moscow, negotiates the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance.

Reasons relations with the Soviets soured De-Stalinization Low level of Soviet aid Peaceful co-existence Soviets concerned about Mao/nuclear weapons

Great Leap Forward Reasons for failure: Food Shortages Industrial mis-management Peasant resistance https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hlbB3cmgPmo

Cultural Revolution Mao is challenged by Deng Xiaoping (Pragmatists) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RAxyJree3RU Radicals led by Mao and wife Jiang Jing insisted on strict obedience to revolutionary principles. Red Guard “Little Red Book” Schools closed, factory production dropped, violence erupted, mass killings

1972 – Nixon visits China Nixon becomes the first U.S. president to visit China, meeting with Mao Zedong on February 21. The two countries issue a communique recognizing their "essential differences" while making it clear that "normalization of relations" was in all nations' best interests. The rapprochement changes the balance of power with the Soviets.

4 Modernizations Deng Era: Mao died in 1976 Pragmatists came to power Gang of Four arrested Agriculture Industry Science & Technology Military https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wlb2tW_N3N0

Tiananmen Square

video 1 Rising discontent Gov’t: Encouraged free enterprise but refused political freedoms Students and intellectuals organized and demanded a more open political system May & June 1989, rallies in Beijing TS Thousands of demonstrators were killed, many imprisoned, tortured. Damage to prestige abroad Economic boycott against China

China After Deng DX ruled behind the scenes until death in 1997 Jiang Zemin successor State industries went public Public works (3 Gorges Dam) projects help unemployment Human Rights-raised possibility of reform International Relations-China wants trade investment, resents Western human rights pressure Opposition to Tibet/Dalai Lama

Asia

1975-Cambodia “The Killing Fields” Communist Khmer Rouge take power in Cambodia, April 16 1975. Cambodia's educated and urban population forced into the countryside as part of a state experiment in agrarian communism. Under the regime of Pol Pot, as many as 3 million Cambodians died from 1975 to 1979.

1979-Afghanistan December 25, 100,000 Soviet troops invaded Afghanistan as communist Babrak Karmal seized control of the government. U.S.-backed Muslim guerrilla fighters waged a costly war against the Soviets for nearly a decade before Soviet troops withdraw in 1988. Afghanistan—the Soviet “Vietnam”

Myanmar 2014