Environmental Monitoring of CMS Tracker Volume

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Environmental Monitoring of CMS Tracker Volume Michael Bloom: Kings College London Supervisors Paolo Petagna and Karl Aaron Gill Special Thanks to Duccio Abbaneo And all the CMS Tracker Team

Long term radiation damage Due to radiation damage the silicon detectors become less effective. The effects can continue to get worse with time even when the detector is not in use (reverse annealing). For this reason the tracker must be cooled during its operation, and also during maintenance. It is thus necessary to keep the humidity low inside the tracker to avoid condensation (humidity can severely damage silicon detectors and electronics parts). For this reason the tracker volume is sealed and flushed through with dry air or nitrogen.

Humidity Measurements It is necessary to have accurate measurements of humidity inside the volume, to monitor the correct functioning of the dry gas ventilation. So sensors were needed which were Radiation Hard Small in size and mass. Due to these unusual requirements only one sensor was found which fitted the criteria (after a long search).

The HMX. The sensors are Wheatstone bridges on a block of composite which changes shape with humidity. There are hundreds of these throughout the tracker volume. Usually each sensor has to be pre- calibrated. However this was not possible before the installation of the sensors. For this reason a small number of calibrated non radiation hard sensors (Honeywell) where inserted into the volume to act as “standard candles” for the HMX’s (will be damaged after some irradiation). Fig: Wheatstone Bridge. My work has been to look through data taken over the past year during Tracker integration and find useful periods in terms of temperature and humidity and use the data from the Honeywell sensors to calibrate the HMX’s.

Conversion to Useful Values ADC BRIDGE RELATIVE HUMIDITY RELATIVE HUMIDITY ABSOLUTE HUMIDITY (DEW POINT)

The Calibration Every moisture sensor must be coupled to a corresponding temperature sensor to apply the appropriate correction to its output. The relative humidity Rh can be calculated from the DP measurement of the HIH’s. Sets of values of - Bridge (from HMX) - Rh (from HIH) - T (from dedicated sensor) can be used to fit for the HMX calibration constants Temperature(ºC) 20 Rh(%) -20 10 20 30

Results HMX Name H1 H2 H3 Error in Rh 1 RH MONITOR_in_Zpf_TOP_1 HMX Name H1 H2 H3 Error in Rh 1 RH MONITOR_in_Zpf_TOP_1 -19.825232 0.537750 4.838761 11.88% 2 RH MONITOR_in_Zp_Xm_BH_2 -7.274002 0.089599 0.341362 2.72% 3 RH MONITOR_in_Zpf_BOT_3 -12.121781 0.142241 0.361109 2.74% 4 RH MONITOR_in_Zp_Xp_BH_4 -7.737203 0.080506 0.355576 1.98% 5 RH MONITOR_in_Zmf_TOP_5 -8.407855 0.071818 0.451856 4.94% 6 RH MONITOR_in_Zm_Xm_BH_6 -9.507491 0.084917 0.377926 2.94% 7 RH MONITOR_in_Zpn_TOP_7 -42.920213 0.632956 17.725364 16.99% 8 RH MONITOR_in_Zpn_BOT_8 -7.096687 0.073780 0.288337 3.44% 9 RH MONITOR_in_Zmn_TOP_9 3.620965 -0.224137 1.213385 32.20% 10 RH MONITOR_in_Zmn_BOT_10 -8.131568 0.114518 0.481394 11.80% 13 RH MONITOR_in_Zmf_BOT_13 -8.785692 0.047156 0.186176 3.46% 14 RH MONITOR_in_Zm_Xp_BH_14 -6.092944 0.081483 0.316845 3.42%

Results HMX Name H1 H2 H3 Error in Rh 1 RH MONITOR_in_Zpf_TOP_1 HMX Name H1 H2 H3 Error in Rh 1 RH MONITOR_in_Zpf_TOP_1 -19.825232 0.537750 4.838761 11.88% 2 RH MONITOR_in_Zp_Xm_BH_2 -7.274002 0.089599 0.341362 2.72% 3 RH MONITOR_in_Zpf_BOT_3 -12.121781 0.142241 0.361109 2.74% 4 RH MONITOR_in_Zp_Xp_BH_4 -7.737203 0.080506 0.355576 1.98% 5 RH MONITOR_in_Zmf_TOP_5 -8.407855 0.071818 0.451856 4.94% 6 RH MONITOR_in_Zm_Xm_BH_6 -9.507491 0.084917 0.377926 2.94% 7 RH MONITOR_in_Zpn_TOP_7 -42.920213 0.632956 17.725364 16.99% 8 RH MONITOR_in_Zpn_BOT_8 -7.096687 0.073780 0.288337 3.44% 9 RH MONITOR_in_Zmn_TOP_9 3.620965 -0.224137 1.213385 32.20% 10 RH MONITOR_in_Zmn_BOT_10 -8.131568 0.114518 0.481394 11.80% 13 RH MONITOR_in_Zmf_BOT_13 -8.785692 0.047156 0.186176 3.46% 14 RH MONITOR_in_Zm_Xp_BH_14 -6.092944 0.081483 0.316845 3.42%

Results Before Calibration After Calibration

Further Work Thank you for your time! Questions? Analysis of more data to improve fitting. The calibration of the Monitor HMXs were focused on but there are still many in the sub detectors which need to calibrated. The calibration must be implemented in PVSS The use of sniffer pipes to monitor humidity must finalised. Thank you for your time! Questions?