Ice Skating By Diana Schulze

History long and strong winters in Europe Frederico Formenti: “Earliest ice skating more than 3000 years old” earliest skates were made out of bones following skates: - wooden skates with iron facings - skates entirely made out of iron - steel skates with straps and clamps to suggest – (hier) behaupten to occur – auftreten, vorkommen to originate – entstehen

Technical aspects shoe: leather, cotton, hard-covered, partly carbon, etc. Holder Stabilizer blade Runner blade – Kufe runner (here: knife) - Messer t‘blade t55

Technical aspects Duden: Ice skating is moving on ice by using ice skates. while moving on the ice surface  heat at a local area  ice melt at 0°C ice prossesses a few nm thick liquid layer on it‘s surface thin water layer between ice and blade  small sliding friction concentrating weight on ice high pressure  stop a vertically slide in accord with – laut, nach, gemäß layer – Schicht, Film sliding friction – Gleitreibung static friction – Haftreibung rotor – Läufer to brace – abstützen digging – grabend, schürfend edge – Kante

Sports and their requirements Figure skating - skater perform special movements like spins, jumps and lifts - blade: two distinct edges – inside and outside  skate only on one edge! Short track speed skating, Speed skating - record: more than 13 meter per second - folding blade Synchronized skating Ice hockey, Sledge hockey  paralympic sport - short blades for a dynamic run - also important: the “Rocker” = contact area  flexibility - hollow grinding  influenced edge of the blade Curling, Ice stock sport Ice boating, ice fishing, ice swimming, etc. groove – Kerbe hollow grinding – Hohlschliff

Freestyle ice skating http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-buYXA7T6Y

Sources http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/ice_skating.aspx#1 http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/ice_skating.aspx#2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_skating http://www.duden.de/suchen/dudenonline/eislaufen http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlittschuh http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_sport http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure_skating http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-buYXA7T6Y http://beauty-places.com/beauty-of-ice/

Thank you for your attention !