اجابة السؤال الاول

1- Exons and Introns

2- Shine Dalgorne sequence

3- Exonuclease III

4- Restriction endonuclease

5- Alkaline phosphatase

اجابة السؤال الثانى

1- Okasaki fragment

2- Excision repair

3- tRNA

4- Lac operon

5- Real-Time PCR Advantages Real-time PCR enables continuous monitoring of the appearance of the amplified product during the reaction. For measuring levels of a transcript, the process begins with RNA not DNA. Advantages It is the ease and speed of detection of the product Quantifiable Not need gel electrophoresis Useful in diagnostic applications of PCR

5- Real-Time PCR

6- Genomic Libraries A genomic library is a set of recombinant clones that contains the entire DNA present in an individual organism. An E. coli genomic library, for example, contains all the E. coli genes.

6- cDNA libraries

7- Studying a transcriptome by: 7- Studying a Proteome by: Sequence analysis Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) Microarray analysis DNA chip analysis 7- Studying a Proteome by: Protein electrophoresis Mass spectrometry

8- Shotgun and Contig Shotgun: insertion of random fragments of DNA into a vector. Contig: DNA sequence built up from a number of smaller overlapping sequences, during a sequencing project

8- Chromosome walking