Earth’s Structure and Plate Tectonics.

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Presentation transcript:

Earth’s Structure and Plate Tectonics

Structure of the Earth Core- center of the earth, made up of iron and nickel Outer core is liquid and inner core is solid Mantle- several layers, contains most of the earth’s mass, Magma- molten rock, forms in the mantle Crust- thin layer of rock at the earth’s surface, 19-37 miles thick

Earth Earth is made up of 4 spheres: Lithosphere Atmosphere Hydrosphere Biosphere

Atmosphere The layer of gases surrounding Earth Oxygen we breathe Protects the Earth Medium for weather and climate

Lithosphere Forms the seafloor 30-90 miles thick Solid rock portion of Earth Crust and Upper Mantle Forms the seafloor 30-90 miles thick

Hydrosphere Water elements of Earth Ocean, seas, rivers, lakes, and water in the atmosphere

Biosphere Part of Earth where plants and animals live Made up of Lithosphere, Atmosphere, and Hydrosphere

Atmosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere

Plate Tectonics Plate tectonics- enormous moving pieces of the earth’s lithosphere Rock in the asthenosphere (upper portion of the mantle) is heated and rises toward the lithosphere, cools and circulates downward http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryrXAGY1dmE&feature=related

Divergent- plates move apart, spreading horizontally Ex. Saudi Arabia and Egypt (make the Red Sea even wider)

Divergence – Moving Apart Rift Valley – if the land is above water Sea Floor Spreading – when the land is below water

Great Rift Valley in Africa (spreading apart) www.aucegypt.edu/faculty/ hamroush/images/Geol...

Convergent- plates collide, causing either one plate to dive under the other or the edges of both plates to crumble Ex. plate in which India is located is crashing against the Asia plate causing the Himalayas

Subduction- the heavier plate will sink and the lighter will rise to the surface

Convergence – Moving Together Trenches Mountains Structural Mountains Volcanic Mountains

Andes Mountains redtailcanyon.com/items/6503.aspx

Transform- plates slide past one another Ex. San Andreas fault in CA If the rock isn’t flexible, it will cause a fault

San Andreas Fault in California geography.sierra.cc.ca.us/ booth/California/1_...

Continental Drift 65 million years ago, Pangaea split apart Because the sea floor was expanding (newer fossils were found in the middle of the ocean