Anatomy and Physiology of Pregnancy Lectures 1 N. Petrenko, MD, PhD

The Start of It All

Or….for those women who get tired of waiting for the “right man” In vitro fertilization, etc.

Probable signs of pregnancy (observed by examiner):

Probable signs of pregnancy (observed by examiner):

Positive signs of pregnancy (noted by examiner, confirm pregnancy)

Reproductive system & Breast

Integumentary System

Musculoskeletal System

Uterine Sizing

Uterine Sizing

Accuracy of Dating by Ultrasound Gestational Age weeks) Ultrasound Measurements Range of Accuracy < 8 Sac size + 10 days 8-12 CRL + 7 days 12-15 CRL, BPD + 14 days 15-20 BPD, HC, FL, AC 20-28 + 2 weeks > 28 + 3 weeks

Bones and Joints of the Pelvis

The Diagonal Conjugate

The Ischial Spines

The Pelvic Outlet

Leopold's Maneuvers - are used to determine the orientation of the fetus through abdominal palpation. .

2. The sides of the uterus are palpated to determine the position of the fetal back and small parts.

3. The presenting part (head or butt) is palpated above the symphysis and degree of engagement determined

4. The fetal occipital prominence is determined.

Measuring Fundal Height

Auscultating Fetal Heart Tones

Ptyalism

Fatigue

Low Backache

Urinary Frequency

Heartburn

Hemorrhoids

Leg Cramps

Dependent Edema

Insomnia

Round Ligament Pain

Hyperventilation and Shortness of Breath

Supine Hypotensive Syndrome