Chapter 6 – Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure Compact or Spongy Bone Cells and Tissues Bone Dynamics Hormones Bone Yard $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 FINAL ROUND

Compact or Spongy: $100 Question Which of these lists the six categories for classifying bone by shape? a. Intramembranous; periosteal; diaphysis mesenchymal; endochondral; interstitial b. Flat; irregular; short; long; sesamoid; sutural c. Long; short; mesenchymal; intramembranous; endochondral; epiphyseal d. Femur; sternum; wormian; pelvis; patella; vertebra ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Compact or Spongy: $100 Answer Which of these lists the six categories for classifying bone by shape? a. Intramembranous; periosteal; diaphysis mesenchymal; endochondral; interstitial b. Flat; irregular; short; long; sesamoid; sutural c. Long; short; mesenchymal; intramembranous; endochondral; epiphyseal d. Femur; sternum; wormian; pelvis; patella; vertebra BACK TO GAME

Compact or Spongy: $200 Question A sample of bone has lamellae, which are not arranged in osteons. Its this sample from the epiphysis or diaphysis? a. It is from the diaphysis b. It is from the medullary cavity of a long bone c. It could be from either epiphysis or diaphysis d. It is from the epiphysis ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Compact or Spongy: $200 Answer A sample of bone has lamellae, which are not arranged in osteons. Its this sample from the epiphysis or diaphysis? a. It is from the diaphysis b. It is from the medullary cavity of a long bone c. It could be from either epiphysis or diaphysis d. It is from the epiphysis BACK TO GAME

Compact or Spongy: $300 Question How could X-rays of the femur be used to determine whether a person has reached full height? a. The epiphyseal plates can be identified. b. The epiphyseal lines can be measured. c. The width of the shaft can be correlated to height d. The extent of osteoporosis can be seen. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Compact or Spongy: $300 Answer How could X-rays of the femur be used to determine whether a person has reached full height? a. The epiphyseal plates can be identified. b. The epiphyseal lines can be measured. c. The width of the shaft can be correlated to height d. The extent of osteoporosis can be seen. BACK TO GAME

Compact or Spongy: $400 Question A child who enters puberty several years later than the average age is generally taller than average as an adult. Why? a. Epiphyseal plates fuse during puberty b. Bone growth continues throughout childhood c. Growth spurts usually occur at the onset of puberty d. All of the above ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Compact or Spongy: $400 Answer A child who enters puberty several years later than the average age is generally taller than average as an adult. Why? a. Epiphyseal plates fuse during puberty b. Bone growth continues throughout childhood c. Growth spurts usually occur at the onset of puberty d. All of the above BACK TO GAME

Compact or Spongy: $500 Question Why would you expect that all people lose some height as they age? a. Osteomalacia causes the bones to soften b. Osteopenia causes a reduction in bone mass c. Osteoporosis causes a reduction in bone mass d. Growth hormone is no longer available ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Compact or Spongy: $500 Answer Why would you expect that all people lose some height as they age? a. Osteomalacia causes the bones to soften b. Osteopenia causes a reduction in bone mass c. Osteoporosis causes a reduction in bone mass d. Growth hormone is no longer available BACK TO GAME

Bone Cells and Tissues: $100 Question During intramembranous ossification, which type(s) of tissue is/are replaced by bone? a. Hyaline cartilage b. Fibrous connective tissue c. Mesenchymal connective tissue d. B and C are correct ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Bone Cells and Tissues: $100 Answer During intramembranous ossification, which type(s) of tissue is/are replaced by bone? a. Hyaline cartilage b. Fibrous connective tissue c. Mesenchymal connective tissue d. B and C are correct BACK TO GAME

Bone Cells and Tissues: $200 Question In endochondral ossification, what is the original source of osteoblasts? a. De novo synthesis b. Cells brought via the nutrient artery c. Cells of the inner layer of the perichondrium d. Chondrocytes from the original model ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Bone Cells and Tissues: $200 Answer In endochondral ossification, what is the original source of osteoblasts? a. De novo synthesis b. Cells brought via the nutrient artery c. Cells of the inner layer of the perichondrium d. Chondrocytes from the original model BACK TO GAME

Bone Cells and Tissues: $300 Question How is bone remodeling accomplished? a. Osteoblasts form new bone matrix b. Osteocytes remove and replace calcium salts c. Osteoclasts are not active, thus producing stronger bone d. A and B are correct ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Bone Cells and Tissues: $300 Answer How is bone remodeling accomplished? a. Osteoblasts form new bone matrix b. Osteocytes remove and replace calcium salts c. Osteoclasts are not active, thus producing stronger bone d. A and B are correct BACK TO GAME

Bone Cells and Tissues: $400 Question Which of the following is/are correct concerning the periosteum? a. It has a fibrous outer layer and cellular inner layer b. It provides a route for nerves and blood vessels into bone c. It actively participates in bone growth and repair d. All of the above are correct ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Bone Cells and Tissues: $400 Answer Which of the following is/are correct concerning the periosteum? a. It has a fibrous outer layer and cellular inner layer b. It provides a route for nerves and blood vessels into bone c. It actively participates in bone growth and repair d. All of the above are correct BACK TO GAME

Bone Cells and Tissues: $500 Question Which of the following describes osteoprogenitor cells? a. Divide to produce daughter cells that differentiate into osteoblasts b. Assist in elevating local concentrations of calcium phosphate c. Multinucleate and derive from same stem cells that produce monocytes d. Maintain protein and mineral content of surrounding matrix ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Bone Cells and Tissues: $500 Answer Which of the following describes osteoprogenitor cells? a. Divide to produce daughter cells that differentiate into osteoblasts b. Assist in elevating local concentrations of calcium phosphate c. Multinucleate and derive from same stem cells that produce monocytes d. Maintain protein and mineral content of surrounding matrix BACK TO GAME

Bone Dynamics: $100 Question Which of these bony markings would become more pronounced with weight-bearing exercise? a. Tuberosities b. Condyles c. Processes d. Heads ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Bone Dynamics: $100 Answer Which of these bony markings would become more pronounced with weight-bearing exercise? a. Tuberosities b. Condyles c. Processes d. Heads BACK TO GAME

Bone Dynamics: $200 Question If the activity of osteoclasts exceeds the activity of osteoclasts in a bone, how will the mass of the bone be affected? a. Stable mass, but reposition matrix b. Mass will not be affected c. More mass d. Less mass ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Bone Dynamics: $200 Answer If the activity of osteoclasts exceeds the activity of osteoclasts in a bone, how will the mass of the bone be affected? a. Stable mass, but reposition matrix b. Mass will not be affected c. More mass d. Less mass BACK TO GAME

Bone Dynamics: $300 Question Why would you expect the arm bones of a weight lifter to be thicker and heavier than those of a jogger? a. Joggers are naturally thin. b. Larger muscles apply more mechanical stress to the bones. c. Aerobic exercise reduces bone mass. d. Anaerobic exercise reduces bone mass. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Bone Dynamics: $300 Answer Why would you expect the arm bones of a weight lifter to be thicker and heavier than those of a jogger? a. Joggers are naturally thin. b. Larger muscles apply more mechanical stress to the bones. c. Aerobic exercise reduces bone mass. d. Anaerobic exercise reduces bone mass. BACK TO GAME

Bone Dynamics: $400 Question Why is osteoporosis more common in older women than in older men? a. Testosterone levels decline in post-menopausal women. b. Older women tend to be more sedentary than older men. c. Declining estrogen levels lead to decreased calcium deposition. d. In males, androgens increase with age. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Bone Dynamics: $400 Answer Why is osteoporosis more common in older women than in older men? a. Testosterone levels decline in post-menopausal women. b. Older women tend to be more sedentary than older men. c. Declining estrogen levels lead to decreased calcium deposition. d. In males, androgens increase with age. BACK TO GAME

Bone Dynamics: $500 Question Why were some people sickened by radioactivity years after the Chernobyl accident? a. Osteoclasts do not differentiate between heavy metals and calcium. b. Turnover of bone matrix caused release of stored radiation into circulation. c. Osteoblasts are a type of memory cells and recall the poisons that enter them. d. Heavy metal ions are stored in the bloodstream. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Bone Dynamics: $500 Answer Why were some people sickened by radioactivity years after the Chernobyl accident? a. Osteoclasts do not differentiate between heavy metals and calcium. b. Turnover of bone matrix caused release of stored radiation into circulation. c. Osteoblasts are a type of memory cells and recall the poisons that enter them. d. Heavy metal ions are stored in the bloodstream. BACK TO GAME

a. The individual will be taller. b. The individual will be shorter. Hormones: $100 Question A seven-year-old child has a pituitary tumor involving the cells that secrete growth hormone (GH), resulting in increased levels of GH. How will this condition affect the child’s growth? a. The individual will be taller. b. The individual will be shorter. c. Growth of the individual will be erratic and slow. d. Excessive growth will be limited to the skeleton. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

a. The individual will be taller. b. The individual will be shorter. Hormones: $100 Answer A seven-year-old child has a pituitary tumor involving the cells that secrete growth hormone (GH), resulting in increased levels of GH. How will this condition affect the child’s growth? a. The individual will be taller. b. The individual will be shorter. c. Growth of the individual will be erratic and slow. d. Excessive growth will be limited to the skeleton. BACK TO GAME

a. Higher level of calcium b. Lower level of calcium Hormones: $200 Question What effect would increased PTH secretion have on blood calcium levels? a. Higher level of calcium b. Lower level of calcium c. Uncontrolled level of calcium d. No effect on blood calcium, PTH affects calcium in the bones. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

a. Higher level of calcium b. Lower level of calcium Hormones: $200 Answer What effect would increased PTH secretion have on blood calcium levels? a. Higher level of calcium b. Lower level of calcium c. Uncontrolled level of calcium d. No effect on blood calcium, PTH affects calcium in the bones. BACK TO GAME

a. Calcitrol and parathyroid hormone b. Calcitrol and thyroxine Hormones: $300 Question A balance between which two hormones is essential for maintaining calcium homeostasis? a. Calcitrol and parathyroid hormone b. Calcitrol and thyroxine c. Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone d. Growth hormone and sex hormones ANSWER BACK TO GAME

a. Calcitrol and parathyroid hormone b. Calcitrol and thyroxine Hormones: $300 Answer A balance between which two hormones is essential for maintaining calcium homeostasis? a. Calcitrol and parathyroid hormone b. Calcitrol and thyroxine c. Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone d. Growth hormone and sex hormones BACK TO GAME

How does calcitonin help lower the calcium ion concentration of blood? Hormones: $400 Question How does calcitonin help lower the calcium ion concentration of blood? a. By inhibiting osteoclast activity b. By increasing the rate of calcium excretion at the kidneys c. By increasing the rate of calcium uptake by intestinal cells d. A and B are correct ANSWER BACK TO GAME

How does calcitonin help lower the calcium ion concentration of blood? Hormones: $400 Answer How does calcitonin help lower the calcium ion concentration of blood? a. By inhibiting osteoclast activity b. By increasing the rate of calcium excretion at the kidneys c. By increasing the rate of calcium uptake by intestinal cells d. A and B are correct BACK TO GAME

Which hormone is correctly paired with its function? Hormones: $500 Question Which hormone is correctly paired with its function? a. Calcitonin / stimulates osteoclast activity b. PTH / reduces calcium ion concentration of body fluids c. Calcitrol / inhibits calcium and phosphate ion absorption along the digestive tract d. Thyroxine / stimulates osteoblast activity ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Which hormone is correctly paired with its function? Hormones: $500 Answer Which hormone is correctly paired with its function? a. Calcitonin / stimulates osteoclast activity b. PTH / reduces calcium ion concentration of body fluids c. Calcitrol / inhibits calcium and phosphate ion absorption along the digestive tract d. Thyroxine / stimulates osteoblast activity BACK TO GAME

Bone Yard: $100 Question Why would a second fracture to a particular bone be more likely to occur at a different site along that bone than the first fracture? a. The newly formed bone is slightly thicker and stronger at the original fracture site. b. During healing of the first fracture, calcium was removed making the site of the second fracture weaker. c. The person is older when the second fracture occurs, so their bones are weaker. d. None of these is correct. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Bone Yard: $100 Answer Why would a second fracture to a particular bone be more likely to occur at a different site along that bone than the first fracture? a. The newly formed bone is slightly thicker and stronger at the original fracture site. b. During healing of the first fracture, calcium was removed making the site of the second fracture weaker. c. The person is older when the second fracture occurs, so their bones are weaker. d. None of these is correct. BACK TO GAME

Which bony marking is correctly paired with its description? Bone Yard: $200 Question Which bony marking is correctly paired with its description? a. Fissure; depression b. Facet; opening c. Tuberosity; process formed where tendons and ligaments attach d. Spine; process formed for articulation with adjacent bones ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Which bony marking is correctly paired with its description? Bone Yard: $200 Answer Which bony marking is correctly paired with its description? a. Fissure; depression b. Facet; opening c. Tuberosity; process formed where tendons and ligaments attach d. Spine; process formed for articulation with adjacent bones BACK TO GAME

Bone Yard: $300 Question How would the strength of a bone be affected if the ratio of collagen to hydroxyapatite increased? a. Strength increases, flexibility increases b. Strength increases, flexibility decreases c. Strength decreases, flexibility decreases d. Strength decreases, flexibility increases ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Bone Yard: $300 Answer How would the strength of a bone be affected if the ratio of collagen to hydroxyapatite increased? a. Strength increases, flexibility increases b. Strength increases, flexibility decreases c. Strength decreases, flexibility decreases d. Strength decreases, flexibility increases BACK TO GAME

Why does a child who has rickets have difficulty walking? Bone Yard: $400 Question Why does a child who has rickets have difficulty walking? a. Joints become fused, preventing movement b. Bones are brittle and break under body weight c. Bones are flexible and bend under body weight d. Motor skills are impaired ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Why does a child who has rickets have difficulty walking? Bone Yard: $400 Answer Why does a child who has rickets have difficulty walking? a. Joints become fused, preventing movement b. Bones are brittle and break under body weight c. Bones are flexible and bend under body weight d. Motor skills are impaired BACK TO GAME

Why are women usually shorter than men at maturity? Bone Yard: $500 Question Why are women usually shorter than men at maturity? a. Estrogens cause faster epiphyseal plate closure b. Androgens cause faster epiphyseal plate closure c. Thyroxine increases the rate of osteoblast activity in boys before puberty d. Men have more growth hormone ANSWER BACK TO GAME

Why are women usually shorter than men at maturity? Bone Yard: $500 Answer Why are women usually shorter than men at maturity? a. Estrogens cause faster epiphyseal plate closure b. Androgens cause faster epiphyseal plate closure c. Thyroxine increases the rate of osteoblast activity in boys before puberty d. Men have more growth hormone BACK TO GAME

What are the functional relationships between compact and spongy bone? FINAL ROUND Question What are the functional relationships between compact and spongy bone? a. Spongy bone resists stress from many directions / compact bone is extremely strong when stressed along the axis of alignment b. Spongy bone is strong along its main axis of alignment / compact bone resists stress from many directions c. Both spongy and compact bone resist stresses from all angles except a sudden force to the side of the bone d. None of these is correct ANSWER BACK TO GAME

What are the functional relationships between compact and spongy bone? FINAL ROUND Answer What are the functional relationships between compact and spongy bone? a. Spongy bone resists stress from many directions / compact bone is extremely strong when stressed along the axis of alignment b. Spongy bone is strong along its main axis of alignment / compact bone resists stress from many directions c. Both spongy and compact bone resist stresses from all angles except a sudden force to the side of the bone d. None of these is correct BACK TO GAME