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Forces in Earth’s Crust Earthquakes & Seismic Waves Monitoring Earthquakes Earthquake Safety 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500

Synclines and anticlines What are folds? Synclines and anticlines are types of this Row 1, Col 1

This type of seismic wave What are S waves? This type of seismic wave arrives second at a seismograph 1,2

This instrument is used record ground movement What is a seismograph? This instrument is used to measure and record ground movement during an earthquake 1,3

This process occurs when an earthquake’s shaking turns What is liquefaction? This process occurs when an earthquake’s shaking turns loose soil into mud 1,4

This stress force stretches rock What is tension? This stress force stretches rock 2,1

This point is located on Earth’s surface directly above What is an epicenter? This point is located on Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s focus 2,2

Tiltmeters, creep meters, laser-ranging devices, What are instruments uses to monitor movement along faults? Tiltmeters, creep meters, laser-ranging devices, and GPS satellites are instruments that do this 2,3

Undersea earthquakes displace water that may produce these What are tsunamis? Undersea earthquakes displace water that may produce these 2,4

This fault forms when the hanging wall moves up past the footwall What is a reverse fault? This fault forms when the hanging wall moves up past the footwall 3,1

What is the moment-magnitude scale? This rating system estimates the total energy released by an earthquake 3,2

This instrument uses a wire stretched across a fault to What is a creep meter? This instrument uses a wire stretched across a fault to measure horizontal movement 3,3

What is a base-isolated building design? that reaches the building This design reduces the amount of energy that reaches the building during an earthquake 3,4

and tension are three types of this What is stress? Shearing, compression, and tension are three types of this 4,1

the Richter scale, and the moment magnitude scale are examples of this What are instruments used to measure earthquakes? The Mercalli scale, the Richter scale, and the moment magnitude scale are examples of this 4,2

across another surface What is friction? The force that opposes the motion of one surface as it moves across another surface 4,3

What are drop, cover, and hold? earthquake is to do this The best way to protect yourself during an earthquake is to do this 4,4

This type of stress pushes masses of rock sideways What is shearing? This type of stress pushes masses of rock sideways in opposite directions 5,1

The process by which geologists draw circles to show distances What is triangulation? The process by which geologists draw circles to show distances from three seismographs is known as this 5,2

earthquake’s seismic waves What is a seismogram? Pattern of lines that is the record of an earthquake’s seismic waves 5,3

What are the causes of earthquake damage? aftershocks, and tsunamis Shaking, liquefaction, aftershocks, and tsunamis are examples of this 5,4