Community RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (DCE3411) Associate Prof. Dr. Roziah Mohd Rasdi Dept. of Professional Development & Continuing Education Faculty of Educational Studies Universiti Putra Malaysia roziah_m@upm.edu.my

IMPLEMENTATION

IMPLEMENTATION It is the stage where what has been planned, as indicated in the plan of work, is implemented. There may be, however, some adjustments made during the implementation, with regard to the plan of work.

Forums and conferences Various activities or approaches in the implementation of a CD program: Visits Talks Courses Forums and conferences Skills demonstration Mass media Other activities

VISIT

An interpersonal communication Visit made by CD worker to community for various purposes: To establish rapport with the community To know the community (data collection) To disseminate information, and knowledge To get feedback To create interest and cooperation

Effectiveness is high, because there is chance for CD worker and community to interact. Incurs high cost, time, and effort. Depends on the response and cooperation with community. Needs preparation from both sides, the community and programme organizer.

EXAMPLE

Outreach to Underprivileged Villages in Sabah On 12 April 2015, staff from Canon’s Kota Kinabalu branch travelled to Kota Marudu, Sabah for an outreach program to donate used toys and clothes. The area is one of the poorest areas in rural Sabah.

Visit to child care facilities in Joso City, Ibaraki Prefecture - In November 2015, through the ULTRAMAN FOUNDATION, along with Ultraman and Ultraman X, paid support visits to entertain at children's facilities and city hall in Joso in the aftermath of heavy rains and flooding in September 2015.

TALK

Most popular technique in terms of educating the community informally Various purposes: - to inform the people - to campaign/persuade people on certain critical issue - to analyze community together - to educate community about specific issue of interest (by a specialist) Always accompanied by informal meeting with the community and dialogue.

The effectiveness is dependent on : participatory approach (based on interest and willingness) environments of where talk is organized (venue). follow-up activities

EXAMPLE

Awareness talk at Fairview International School In 2014, PRIDE team have touch the minds and spread awareness of breast cancer to young children. Dr. Naveen Nair from Seremban General Hospital, gave talks to the students on the importance of early detection and how to conduct a Breast Self Examination (BSE). Over 900 students attended the talk, with PRIDE managing to collect over RM1,000 worth of donation and merchandise sale.

COURSE

Why course is becoming very popular today in community learning? Is another activity in CD that involves learning. The planning for a course involves formal and non-formal ways. Normally it involves short-term courses. Why course is becoming very popular today in community learning? Rapid growth of various of knowledge – both fields of technical and humanities. An effective technique in disseminating and transferring knowledge, from k-centre - compared to other techniques such as mass media

Increased level of education of the community members (e. g Increased level of education of the community members (e.g. In 1970, population in tertiary education was 1%, 2000, 15%). Increased level of maturity among the community members. Course is formulated in a structured manner - objectives, teaching methods, evaluation, all are arranged systematically and based on a specific theme or issue eg. * Motivation course for out-of school youth * Time management course for homemakers * Leisure activities for retirees

To operationalise life-long learning To operationalise human capital concept All government and NGO have their social responsibilities to educate communities through courses or community education - budget is allocated for training the community ICT helps speed up the process of transferring knowledge to community

EXAMPLE

Baking Course Simply Cookies, a social enterprise began operating in March 2015 with the purpose of providing employment for single mothers while they took care of their children. Main objective – to empower single mothers to be mothers and career women at the same time. They trained them to bake and employ them at their child-friendly kitchen while allowing them to come to work with their children. Aside from baking, they also equip the mothers with finance knowledge and sales skills.

Other Courses The YWCA Vocational Training Opportunity Centre (VTOC) (project by the Young Women’s Christian Association of Kuala Lumpur and the brainchild of Datuk Rasammah Bhupalan, a women’s rights activist). The centre began operating in 1998, offering income-generating skills for young women above 16 years old, of any ethnicity, and from economically disadvantaged families. The centre provides residential courses such as Kindergarten Teacher Training, Certificate in Commerce, Sewing and Tailoring, Culinary and Bakery and Hairdressing and Beauty Care, where some courses offer internships while students take up their course.

CONFERENCE/SEMINAR/ FORUM

A formal way to disseminate knowledge to community A very structured session - an issue presented, and another session for questions and answers Involves subject-matter specialists, and a group of interested clients/ audience. Less effective compared to a course. But it is more effective to bring awareness. It takes from half a day to several days.

EXAMPLE

SKILLS DEMONSTRATION

It is about a session where a certain skill is demonstrated to a group of audience by a community worker/community educator. Take place at a community hall, or any other gathering place for the community such as office of a development agency in a locality, or place where the people work . Purposes: - to increase skills of audience - to increase interest and awareness

Conditions for conducting a skill demonstration: - choose a specific skill that is demonstratable for learning - Explain clearly the purpose - Must have appropriate samples (materials) to be used in the demonstration - Have practical exercise for the participation - Must have AVA to facilitate community learning.

EXAMPLE

Healthy Cooking Demonstration Improve the health and wellbeing of communities in Santa Ana by educating families on proper meal preparations and nutrition. Community will learn cooking and nutrition basics such as: • Food safety and cross-contamination avoidance techniques • Nutritional factors that affect their health • How to prepare healthy, low cost, delicious, meals that are also time efficient and culturally congruent • Managing their diabetes/ other obesity related diseases through a balanced diet

MASS MEDIA

MASS MEDIA Electronic Media TV/Video Radio Computer Printed Media Newspaper/bulletin Pamphlet Posters

Effective in reaching a large audience. Depends on the literacy of the community. Effective in giving awareness and creating interest for development in the community. Distance learning for community uses heavily the mass media techniques. e.g: as is being used by the University of Ramkhamhaeng in Bangkok, Thailand to educate their rural communities.

EXAMPLE

Project Objective To support learning in all government schools by contributing in terms of technology Astro, local and international educational content Astro.

The Telehouses in Hungary Provide community ICT-related facilities: Telecenters - offer a broad range of communication services related to the needs of the community, some of which are free or subsidized by external bodies such as governments or NGOs. Cybercafes – providing community with the use of computers and connections to

OTHER ACTIVITIES

Meetings & dialogues Visits by community Community Dialogues to Improve County Health. A community dialogue will bring together county officials and their invited local stakeholders (e.g., non-profits, economic development, parks and recreation, school, faith-based organizations) for a day of brainstorming and strategizing. Visit to Sime Darby Commercial Farms Visit to Cameron Highlands Visits to Research Parks, or Research Institute