Imperfect and Pluperfect Subjunctive Forms and Clauses Carla James Imperfect and Pluperfect Subjunctive Forms and Clauses Given forms of subjunctive and subjunctive clauses, learners demonstrate knowledge by: a) identifying the tense of subjunctive b) Identifying the type of clause c) Translating appropriately Carla Geiger

Subjunctive: Imperfect Tense, Active The endings, attached to the infinitive, but watch the translation Subjunctive: Imperfect Tense, Active portārem I was carrying I    docērem I was teaching portāres you were carrying you  docēres you were teaching portāret s/he was carrying he she/it  docēret s/he was teaching portāremus we you were carrying we  docēremus we were teaching portāretis  you Pl.  docēretis portārent they were carrying they  docērent they were teaching

Imperfect Subjunctive, Active Infinitive + endings m, s, t, mus, tis, nt Subjects   3rd Conjugation   Ego I trāherem I was dragging Tu You trāheres you were dragging Is/Ea/Id He/She/it trāheret s/he was dragging Nos We trāheremus we were dragging Vos You Pl. trāheretis Ei/ Eae/ Ea They trāherent they were dragging 4th Conjugation   audīrem I was hearing audīres you were hearing audīret s/he was hearing audīremus we were hearing audīretis audīrent they were hearing

Subj. Pluperfect Tense, Active 3rd part of verb:= perfect stem+ isse + endings audiverat: perfect indicative= portavissem I had carried I    docuissem I had taught portavisses you had carried you  docuisses you had taught portavisset s/he had carried he she/it  docuisset s/he had taught portavissemus we had carried we  docuissemus we had taught portavissetis you had carried  you Pl.  docuissetis you had taught portavissent they had carried they  docuissent they had taught

Subj.Pluperfect Tense, Active 3rd part of verb:= perfect stem+ isse audiverat: pluperfect indicative= traxissem I had pulled I    audivissem I had heard traxisses you had pulled you  audivisses you had heard traxisset s/he hadpulled he she/it  audivisset s/he had heard traxissemus we had pulled we  audivissemus we had heard traxissetis you had pulled  you Pl.  audivissetis traxissent they hadpulled they  audivissent they had heard

CUM CLAUSES/Temporal a. IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE cum in Britannia ambularem…When I was walking in Britain… b.PLUPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE cum Salvium vidissent.... When they had seen Salvius

nescivi ubi in Britannia esses... INDIRECT QUESTIONS a. IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE nescivi ubi in Britannia esses... I did not know where YOU were in Britain b.PLUPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE rogavit quo modo iuvenem cepisset. He asked how HE had captured the young man

cucurrit NE sero adveniret PURPOSE CLAUSES A. IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE venit ut in Britannia militaret.... he came in order to be a soldier in Britain B. IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE NEGATIVE cucurrit NE sero adveniret He ran in order NOT to be late

INDIRECT COMMANDS A. militibus imperavit ut ad castra venirent.... He ordered the soldiers to come to the military camp. verbs of commands: mando , impero, persuadeo + dative moneo, oro, incito,rogo + accusative B. negative: NE : eos rogavi ne venirent = I asked them not to come.

RESULT CLAUSES a. IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE tam peritus erat ut omnes eum laudarent.... He was so skillful that all were praising him CLUES: TAM, SIC, ADEO= SO, SO MUCH; TANTUS= so great TOT= so many NEGATIVE: UT NON tam crudelis erat ut cives eum non laudarent He was so cruel THAT the citizens did not praise him.