The Chemistry of the Cell Chapter 2: The Chemistry of the Cell
Important Properties of Carbon Valence of four Forms covalent bonds Can share multiple pairs of electrons Carbon containing molecules are stable and diverse
Diversity of Molecules Containing Carbon Can vary in length Can form rings Can branch Can contain double bonds Can have functional groups attached
Important Properties of Water Water molecules are polar Water molecules are cohesive Water has a high temperature stabilizing capacity Water is an excellent solvent
Important Properties of Water Water molecules are polar Water molecules are cohesive Water has a high temperature stabilizing capacity Water is an excellent solvent
Hydrogen bond
Important Properties of Water Water molecules are polar Water molecules are cohesive Water has a high temperature stabilizing capacity Water is an excellent solvent
Important Properties of Water Water molecules are polar Water molecules are cohesive Water has a high temperature stabilizing capacity Water is an excellent solvent
Important Properties of Membranes Forms a barrier Keep substances in/out while allowing substances in/out Insoluble in water, but permeable to water
Membranes Hydrophilic heads Hydrophobic tails Water
Fluid Mosaic Model Extracellular matrix Glycoprotein Carbohydrate Plasma membrane Microfilaments of cytoskeleton Phospholipid Cholesterol Proteins Cytoplasm Glycolipid
Selective Permeability
Organic Macromolecules Proteins Nucleic Acids Polysaccharides Lipids
Hierarchy of Molecules in Cell Biology Level 1 – organic molecules Level 2 – biological macromolecules Level 3 – supramolecular structures Level 4 – organelles Level 5 – the cell
Macromolecules are synthesized by polymerization
Self Assembly
Non-Covalent bonds are important in macromolecule folding Hydrogen bonds Ionic bonds Van der Waals forces Hydrophobic/hydrophilic
Hydrogen Bonding Hydrogen bond
Non-Covalent bonds that are important in macromolecules Hydrogen bonds Ionic bonds Van der Waals forces Hydrophobic/hydrophilic
Ionic Bonding Transfer of electron Na Sodium atom Cl Chlorine atom
Non-Covalent bonds that are important in macromolecules Hydrogen bonds Ionic bonds Van der Waals forces Hydrophobic/hydrophilic
Van der Waals forces
Non-Covalent bonds that are important in macromolecules Hydrogen bonds Ionic bonds Van der Waals forces Hydrophobic/hydrophilic
Hydrophobic/hydrophilic