CHAPTER 17 REBUILDING THE NATION AMERICAN NATION UNIT 5 CHAPTER 15THE ROAD TO CIVIL WAR CHAPTER 16 TORN BY WAR CHAPTER 17 REBUILDING THE NATION

Chapter 15 The Road to Civil War 1820-1861 After many attempts at compromise over the issue of slavery, the North and South went to war.

Chapter 16 Torn by War 1861-1865 The Civil War between the North and South tested the strength of the Union.

Chapter 17 Rebuilding the Nation (1864-1877) During Reconstruction, the South slowly rebuilt, African Americans gained new rights, and the United States became united once more.

Chapter 17 Section 1 First Steps Toward Reunion Objectives: Identify the hardships that the South faced after the Civil War. Identify President Lincoln’s plan for reunion. Explain why Congress opposed President Johnson’s Reconstruction plan.

First Steps to Reunion pages 482-486 The Defeated South 1. Every house, barn, and bridge was destroyed 2. Two thirds of the railroad tracks were gone. 3. Charlestown, Richmond, Savannah, and Atlanta had been leveled, 4. A quarter of a million soldiers died and thousands were disabled. 5. Confederate money was worthless. 6. Nearly 4 million freedmen (men and women who had been slaves) needed aide.

First Steps to Reunion pages 482-486 B. Rival Plans for the South 1. Lincoln’s plan for reconstruction was the Ten Percent Plan in which a southern state could form a new government after 10 percent of voters swore an oath of loyalty to the United States. 2. The Congess’s plan, Wade-Davis Plan, required a majority of white men to swear loyalty to the Union.

First Steps to Reunion pages 482-486 C. Help for Freedmen 1. Freedmen’s Bureau a. Provide food and clothing b. Setting up schools * Charlotte Forten, a wealthy African American, dedicated her life to helping freedmen improve their quality of life through education.

First Steps to Reunion pages 482-486 D. Lincoln is Assassinated 1. April 14, 1865 President Lincoln was shot in the head by a southerner, John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theater in Washington, D.C. 2. Millions mourned Lincoln’s death.

First Steps to Reunion pages 482-486 E. A New President, A New Plan 1. Vice President Andrew Johnson became President. 2. A New Plan a. President Johnson called for a majority of voters in each southern state to pledge loyalty to the United States. b. Demanded the Thirteenth Amendment banning slavery in the nation be ratified.

First Steps to Reunion pages 482-486 F. Rebellion in Congress 1. Southern states swore loyalty and ratified the thirteenth amendment 2. Southern confederate war leaders were elected for freedmen were not allowed to vote. 3. Republicans rebelled, a showdown is set up between Congress and the President.

Chapter 17 Section 2 Congress Takes Charge Objectives: Describe how white southerners tried to limit the rights of African Americans. Identify the goals of the Radical Republicans. Explain why Congress tried to remove President Johnson from office. Identify the Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments.

Congress Takes Charge pages 486-491 A new Kind of Bondage 1. Black codes were laws that limited the rights of freedmen in the South after the Civil War. a. Forbade voting, owning guns, serving on juries 2. Black codes gave some rights. a. Legally marry, own property

Congress Takes Charge pages 486-491 B. The North Reacts 1. Radical Republicans were a group of republicans in Congress who wanted to protect the rights of freedmen in the South and keep rich plantation owners out of power. 2. Moderates Republicans controlled Congress.

Congress Takes Charge pages 486-491 C. The President and the Congress Clash 1.Citizenship for African Americans through a Fourteenth Amendment granting citizenship to all persons born in the United States. 2. Political rights for African Americans 3. Election of 1866 resulted in Republicans winning majorities in both houses of Congress due to the unpopular President.

Congress Takes Charge pages 486-491 D. The Radical Program 1. Radical Reconstruction a. A period after the Civil War when Republicans controlled Congress and passed strict laws affecting the South i. Reconstruction Act threw out the southern state governments that refused to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. 2. Elections in the South a. White southerners stayed away from the polls giving Freedmen the winning vote

Congress Takes Charge pages 486-491 E. Showdown 1. February 24, 1868 the House of Representatives voted to impeach President Johnson. a. President was found not guilty of high crimes and misdemeanors

Congress Takes Charge pages 486-491 F. Grant Becomes President 1. In 1868 Republicans nominated General Ulysses S. Grant. 2. Democrats nominated Horatio Seymour a. Due to the 700,000 freedmen who voted Grant won the election.

Congress Takes Charge pages 486-491 G. The Fifteenth Amendment 1. The Fifteenth Amendment forbade any state from denying African Americans the right to vote because of their race. a. Ratified in 1870.

Chapter 17 Section 3 The Reconstruction South Objectives: Identify the groups that dominated southern politics during Reconstruction. Describe how some white Southerners used terror to regain control of the South. Identify what Reconstruction governments did to rebuild the South. Describe what life was like for freedmen and poor whites during Reconstruction.

The Reconstruction South pages 491-496 Forces in Southern Politics 1. Scalawags and carpetbaggers a. Scalawags were white southern Republicans, regarded as a ‘small, scruffy horses”, supported Radical Republicans. b. White Northerners who moved south during Reconstruction were know as carpetbaggers. 2. African Americans in public life a. From 1869 to 1880 16 freedmen were elected to congress

B. White Southerners Fight Back 1 B. White Southerners Fight Back 1. Democrats known as Conservatives were white Southerners who wanted little change in the South. 2. Spreading Terror a. Other white southerners had a harsher view that included force. b. Klu Klux Klan used violence, murder.

The Reconstruction South pages 491-496 C. Congress Responds 1. Moderate Southerners condemned the violence of the Ku Klux Klan. 2. In 1870 Congress made it a crime to use force to keep people from voting.

The Reconstruction South pages 491-496 D. The Difficult Task of Rebuilding 1. The Reconstruction governments built schools, gave women the right to own property, rebuilt railroads, telegraph lines, bridges, and roads. 2. Rebuilding the Economy a. Cotton production returns b. Iron and steel industry grew 3. Problems of taxes and corruption a. Legislatures billed the state for debts and luxuries.

The Reconstruction South pages 491-496 E. A Cycle of Poverty 1. “Nothing but freedom” a. Hard work and good luck = landownership b. No job and no home = nothing 2. Sharecropping a. A sharecropper worked land owned by another and gave the landowner part of the harvest

Chapter 17 Section 4 End of an Era Objectives: Explain why northerners lost interest in Reconstruction. Identify what happened in the election of 1876. Describe how white Conservatives tightened control over the South. Identify what the Supreme Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson.

End of an Era pages 469-499 Radicals in Decline 1. Radical Republicans lost power in Congress in the 1870’s 2. President Grant was losing favor due to widespread corruption 3. After the 1872 pardon of Confederate officials, Democrats allowed southern whites to terrorize freedmen

End of an Era pages 469-499 B. The End of Reconstruction 1. The election of 1876 ended Reconstruction. a. Democratic Samuel Tilden was defeated by Republican Rutherford B. Hayes.

End of an Era pages 469-499 C. Separate but Not Equal 1. Voting restrictions a. Poll taxes was a fee paid by a voter to vote b. Literacy test was an examination to see if a person could read or write. c. Grandfather clause was a law passed by southern states excusing who had voted before 1867, thus only freedmen excluded from voting.

End of an Era pages 469-499 D. Jim Crow 1. Jim Crow laws passed by Southerners segregated* public places Segregation is the separation of people of different races. In 1896 the Supreme Court upheld segregation in Plessy v. Ferguson. Segregation was legal as long as facilities were equal.