Chapter 2: Matter and Change

2.1: Matter Matter: Anything with volume and mass (everything) Different States of Matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas

2.1: Matter Physical Change: Change in matter that does not change substance itself at chemical level Phase changes are always physical changes! Chemical Change: Change in matter that does change the substance itself Clues: Color change, gas production (bubbles), precipitate (solid forms) Are these changes chemical or physical? Melting ice? Burning magnesium? Vinegar and baking soda?

2.2+2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures Homogenous Mixture: A MIXTURE where substance is same throughout. Wherever I take sample, it is the same Heterogeneous Mixture: A MIXTURE where is not same throughout Sample will be different depending on where I take it Pure Substance: Only one thing (a element or a compound)

2.2+2.3 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures Element: Simplest form of matter (can’t be broken down). All elements are found on the periodic table. Gold (Au), Silver (Ag), Helium (He) Compounds: Matter that can be broken down further into elements Water (H2O), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Salt (NaCl), Sugar C6H12O6 Mixture: Multiple types of matters mixed Air (mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide), Kool- Aid (mixture of water and Sugar (H2O and C6H12O6)

Do on your own! Will help you on quiz. Pure substance or mixture? 1) Oxygen (O2) gas: 2) An Aluminum (Al) can: 3) Methane gas (CH4): 4) Soda: 5) Helium (He) Gas: 6) A hamburger:

Do on your own! Will help you on quiz. Are the following either a homogenous mixture of a heterogeneous mixture? 7) A hamburger 8) Salt water 9) Concrete 10) Cereal

2.4: Elements, Compounds, Mixtures Parts of a chemical reaction 2H2 + O2  2H20 2H2 + O2 = Reactant 2H2O = Products Physical Property (Different than physical changes) Property that can be observed without changing substances (often measured with senses) Chemical Property (different than chemical change) Property that can only be determined by a chemical reaction or attempted chemical reaction.

Examples: Chemical and Physical Properties Are the following CHEMICAL or PHYSICAL properties Blue-gray color Brittle (breaks easy) Rusts in rain Insoluble in water Melts at 1410 degrees Reacts with fluorine