INTRODUCTION Quantitative Problem Qualitative Problem What is water crisis? It is the shortage of the world’s usable water resources relative to human demand. Quantitative Problem Qualitative Problem Finite sources of fresh water on the earth’s surface Aquifers Surface Water Atmosphere
SOME DISQUIETING FACTS 2/3 of earth’s surface is covered with water Only 2.5% is fresh water 2/3of fresh water is in ice caps and glaciers 20%of the remainder is in remote areas Only 0.08%of the total fresh water is actually available for human consumption
CAUSES OF WATER CRISIS QUANTITATIVE Overpopulation Excessive usage of diesel/electric pumps Imprudent human activities Global warming Conversion of forests into habitable land for humans Diversion of upstream sources Regional conflicts Narrow parochial approach Corruption QUALITATIVE Industrial effluents Sewage water Oil spills Pesticides Synthetic surfactants Inorganic chemicals
CONSEQUENCES OF WATER CRISIS Inadequate drinking water Inadequate sanitation water Cross contamination of drinking water and untreated sewage Spread of water borne diseases especially diarrhea Overexploitation of groundwater Food grain crisis Regional conflicts Irreversible ecological damage Extermination of aquatic life
REMEDIES AND CHALLENGES AT MACRO LEVEL SOLUTIONS CHALLENGES Wind power Solar power Nuclear energy Reducing groundwater exploitation Rain water harvesting Construction of waste water treatment plants Developed countries must share technology Low capacity Very costly Radiation dangers Politically unpopular Difficulty in providing urban space for lakes, ponds etc Capital intensive and high maintenance cost Underdeveloped countries cannot afford to pay for it. AT MICRO LEVEL Educating people Using water economically Reusing water at our own level Rain water harvesting