Interactions of Living Things Pages 417-430 in workbook

Ecosystems Organisms interacting with one another and their physical environment Includes both BIOTIC and ABIOTIC factors 2:48

Biotic Factors All of the LIVING and ONCE LIVING things in an ecosystem

Abiotic Factors All of the NON-LIVING things in an ecosystem

The Relationships A Population is all of the same species living in a certain area (ex. a population of rabbits). A Community is all of the groups of populations in an area. An Ecosystem is the entire community plus the abiotic factors (non-living items). Ecosystem Community Populations

Explanation of Relationships D10-11 Ecosystem -Everything in the area (living and non-living) Community All of the LIVING things in the area (biotic factors) Population Groups of the same species living in an area Individual – single living thing

Another representation (draw this in your notes) Ecosystem 1:13 We actually draw one of these on a quarter piece of pizza cardboard Community Population 2:19 Individual

Ecosystems Size: Can be as large as a desert or as small as a puddle! Changes: Caused by NATURE (lightning/fire, earthquakes, storms, etc.) It can come back and start to grow again on its own after time. Caused by HUMANS (logging, farming, construction)

The Sun: Life’s Energy Supply SUN (light, infrared rays, etc.) = ENERGY Almost all life depends on the SUN to survive.  All plants need the sun for photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis D16-17 With sun’s energy: carbon dioxide + water oxygen glucose (food) Plants’ food stores the energy

Producers/Consumers D18-19 PRODUCER - Anything that makes its own food through photosynthesis CONSUMER – Anything that gets its energy by eating other organisms

Types of Consumers (draw the graphic organizer Herbivores Cow, deer, rabbits Carnivores Eats only meat Omnivores Eats plants and meat Decomposers Feeds on wastes and dead, decaying things Rabbits Cows Wolves fungi Decomposer Clip – 0:56 H,C,O Clip 0:59 – Click on Movie Icon bears Snakes bears humans

Food Chains/Webs Man puts his finger in bear POOP! Sorry…. “scat” 

Food Chains/Webs Food Chain Food Web – overlapping food chains Flow of energy from one organism directly to the next Must start with a producer Arrows move from producer UP the chain (Think from here into the mouth of here…) Food Web – overlapping food chains

Food Chains/Webs As you go up a food chain, energy is lost. Use after Activity on D26-27

Ex. Owl (predator) and mouse (prey) Predator/Prey D20-22 Predator – organism that hunts and eats other organisms  Prey – organism that is hunted and eaten Ex. Owl (predator) and mouse (prey)

Symbiotic Relationship One in which two different species live together and interact closely over a long period of time Parasitism Parasite – organism that lives off of or feeds upon (and usually harms) another organism Host – organism that is fed upon and harmed (usually doesn’t die though) Ex. Flea (parasite) and dog (host)

Symbiotic Relationship 2. Commensalism One benefits but other is unharmed Ex. Camouflage (spider on a flower) Ex. Egrets eat insects wildebeests have stirred up 

Symbiosis D20-22 3. Mutualism Both sides benefit Ex. Pollination – bees/birds and flowers symbiosis 2:37

Carbon Dioxide/Oxygen Cycle D34-35 Plants use Carbon Dioxide and give off Oxygen Humans use Oxygen and give off Carbon Dioxide

The Water Cycle D36-37 Evaporation – heated liquid changing to water vapor Condensation – water vapor changing to a liquid Precipitation – rain, snow, sleet, hail, etc. Transpiration – water released through leaves water cycle 2:39

Earth’s Land Biomes D48-51 Tundra 2:07 Taiga 1:57 Arctic grassland with frozen soil all year Polar bears, foxes, lichens Taiga 1:57 Coniferous forests Bears, moose, evergreen trees Deciduous Forest 1:40 Large leafed trees that lose leaves in winter Deer, squirrels, maple trees

Earth’s Land Biomes D48-51 Tropical Rain Forest 1:52 Grassland 2:17 Lush, green forests with heavy rainfall warm climate Toucans, vines, monkeys Grassland 2:17 wide open fields of grass Rabbits, prairie dogs, zebras Desert 2:07 Very DRY (can be hot or cold) Cactus, horned lizards

Biodiversity D58-60 Biodiversity – variety of species in an ecosystem (Part 2, 3, 4) All 4 parts about 14 minutes Depends on: 1. Size (how large of an area it is) 2. terrain (type of land and landforms) 3. latitude (distance from the equator) 1= the scientific study of biodiversity 2= speed of extinction (very short clip) 3= what’s causing the problem? 4= why more is better

Biodiversity Challenges D61-62 Extinct – No longer living Ex. Dodo birds, Dinosaurs Endangered – in danger of becoming extinct  Ex. manatee, rhinos, spider monkeys Threatened – in danger of becoming endangered Ex. baboon, leopard, grizzly bears http://www.fws.gov/endangered/wildlife.html#Species 1:15

Citations Biomes: Our Earth's Major Life Zones. United Learning (1998). Retrieved February 28, 2006, from unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/ Biologically Speaking: Ecosystems and the Cycles of Nature. AIMS Multimedia (2002). Retrieved February 28, 2006, from unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/ More is Better: The Biodiversity Story. United Learning (1995). Retrieved February 28, 2006, from unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/ Food Chains and Webs. United Learning (1998). Retrieved February 28, 2006, from unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/ Mammals of North America: Predators and Prey. AIMS Multimedia (2004). Retrieved February 28, 2006, from unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/ Vulnerable, Threatened, Endangered, Extinct. AIMS Multimedia (1992). Retrieved February 28, 2006, from unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/ Learning About Water (Second Edition). AIMS Multimedia (2004). Retrieved February 28, 2006, from unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/