Unit 2 ECOLOGY!

Review Checkpoint Question What are the 7 levels in the hierarchy of organization found in living things? Atoms Molecules Cells Tissues Organs Organs Systems Organism

Organism, is NOT the last level of organization. What are the other levels? (textbook page 21) Population Community Ecosystem Biome Biosphere

Textbook page 64 Define the following in your notes: Species Population Communities Ecosystem Biome Biosphere When finished, study them for a game.

Ecology Is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment.

Questions! Textbook page 65 Section Assessment #’s 1 and 3 1. List the 6 different levels of organization that ecologists study, in order from smallest to largest. 3. Identify 2 ways in which you interact every day with each of the 3 parts of the biosphere – Land, Water, and Air.

Checkpoint Questions! Answer on White Boards Can a group of rabbits and a group of field mice make up the same population in an ecosystem? No, because individuals that make up a population must be of the SAME species.

Checkpoint Questions! Answer on White Boards Could a biome in Brazil near the equator be the same as a biome in northern Canada? Explain. No, because those two biomes would have different climates and different dominant communities.

Biotic and Abiotic Factors

Biotic Describes something living or once living in an environment.

Abiotic Describes non-living factors in an environment.

Checkpoint Questions! All biotic and abiotic factors are interrelated. All of the rocks are removed from a desert ecosystem, what would happen to the population of rock dwelling lizards and in turn the animals which eat them?

Checkpoint questions! A ten mile area of trees is removed from the tropical rainforest. How will this affect the amount of water and the amount of oxygen in the area?

Terrestrial vs. Aquatic Land vs. Water

Terrestrial Ecosystems found ONLY on LAND

Aquatic Ecosystems found ONLY in WATER

Food Chain Series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten.

Arrows represent ENERGY

For inspiration http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ZOvqYypOuo

FOOD WEB A network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationship among various organisms.

Arrows represent ENERGY

For Inspiration http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T_JCw4Sq-ts

Trophic Level Each step in a food chain or food web. Trophic level 1 – Autotrophs Trophic level 2 and up – Heterotrophs

Biomass Is the total amount of LIVING tissue within 1 given trophic level.

Photosynthesis Process by which plants and SOME other organisms can use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches. (White Boards)

How did we figure out that photosynthesis ACTUALLY happens?! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pdgkuT12e14 How did we figure out that photosynthesis ACTUALLY happens?!

Chemosynthesis Process by which some organisms such as certain bacteria, use chemical energy to make carbohydrates (food).

Bioenergetics The study of energy flow through living systems.

Energy Pyramid Shows the amount of energy passing through trophic levels.

10 % Rule An average of only 10% of the energy in one trophic level is passed to the next trophic level. (white boards)

Why do you think only 10% of the total energy from one trophic level is passed on to the next trophic level?

ONLY 10% is passed on BECAUSE Energy is “used up” for daily life activities. Most energy is lost in the form of heat.

Questions (white boards & calculators) 1. Suppose that the base of this energy pyramid consists of plants that have 450,000 Calories of food energy. If all of them were eaten by mice how much food energy would be available to those first level consumers?

Questions (white boards & calculators) 2. If all the mice were eaten by snakes how much food energy would be available to the secondary consumers?

Questions (white boards & calculators) 3. If all the snakes were eaten by a hawk how much food energy would be available?

Questions (white boards & calculators) 4.How much of that gained energy would the hawk lose as heat?

Competition Interaction between organisms, populations, or species in which birth, growth and death depend on limited resources. (white boards)

Competition What causes competition?

Predation An interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism.

Predator An animal that hunts or preys on another organism. (plant or animal)

Prey Organism that is hunted and killed by another.

Simulation of relationship http://www.bapp.org/puma-prey-lab Simulation of relationship http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUZHkzO2quQ

Answer in your notes Use books 1. What is a Niche?

Answer on white boards What does the definition of niche mean? Practice Reading Comprehension

Answer in your notes Use books 2. What is the Competitive Exclusion Principle?

Answer on white boards What does the definition of competitive exclusion principle mean? Practice Reading Comprehension

Answer in your notes Use books 3. What is a resource?

Predator/ Prey Analysis

Any relationship in which 2 species live closely together. Symbiosis Any relationship in which 2 species live closely together. http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/animals/bugs-animals/ants-and-termites/ant_caterpillarsymbiosis/

3 Types of Symbiosis Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism http://www.animalplanet.com/tv-shows/animal-planet-presents/videos/top-10-odd-animal-couples-the-giraffes-oxpecker.htm Commensalism http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/animals/invertebrates-animals/other-invertebrates/clownfish_amonganemones/ Parasitism http://animal.discovery.com/tv-shows/animal-planet-presents/videos/top-10-odd-animal-couples-snappers-parasites.htm

Define the 3 types of symbiotic relationships in your notes. Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism

Parasitism Involves a parasite and a host! Parasite – An organism that lives in or on another and benefits by taking nutrients from the host. Host – An animal or plant on or in which a parasite lives.