The Charlie Hebdo controversy By Maria Muzalevskaya November 16, 2015

Overview France and its values What is Charlie Hebdo? What does Charlie Hebdo satirize? Terror attack on January 7, 2015 Satire controversy Challenges of free speech Bibliography

French values Republican values: Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité The Law of 1905 on the separation of Church and State: secularism No legal definition of ‘Race’ No blasphemy laws The Law on the Freedom of the Press of 1881

What is Charlie Hebdo? 1960: Hebdo Hara Kiri magazine 1970: under new name Charlie Hebdo 1992: new publications 2006: Charlie Hebdo publishes the Danish cartoons 2011: Charlie Hebdo’s offices are torched after they showed the image of the Prophet Mohammed on the cover 2012: Charlie Hebdo publishes naked cartoon of Mohammed September 20, 2012: Charlie Hebdo’s website is attacked January 2, 2013: Charlie Hebdo releases an illustrated biography of Mohammed January 7, 2015: Gunmen attack Charlie Hebdo’s office in Paris

What does Charlie Hebdo satirize?

Charlie Hebdo shooting January 7, 2015 Paris offices of magazine are stormed by two gunmen. Attackers shout, “Allahu akbar” (“God is great”) and say, “We’ve taken revenge for the Prophet.” Cherif and Said Kouachi: attack executed on behalf of Al-Qaeda’s branch in Yemen. January 9, 2015 Another gunman Amedy Coulibaly takes several people hostage at a kosher supermarket in the east of Paris, four people die. In Charlie Hebdo shooting 12 people killed, including 8 cartoonists.

World Solidarity: “Je suis Charlie” “We are one people” “We are all Charlie” “A murderous attack on freedom of speech”

Satire controversy in France Should people have the right in a free secular society to engage in expressions that might look offensive to members of a particular faith? How can we debate hateful speech that is protected as civil discourse and freedom of speech? Where is this line between ‘freedom of speech’ and ‘hate speech’? Does media including satire inherit any sorts of responsibility toward its subject? What is Charlie Hebdo’s satire worth other than ridiculing Muslims more and insulting them? Can public discourse including satire be one of the causes of the rise of radical ideas among Muslim immigrants, who feel alienated and humiliated in the hosting society? Is it likely the satirical approach will help to eliminate violent extremism from French society where many Muslims feel marginalized and discriminated?

Challenges of free speech Identity crisis in French society Further alienation and discrimination of Muslim Immigrants Rise of hatred among Muslim immigrants to Western values Rise of radicalism among young Muslim immigrants New attacks

Bibliography Dominus, Susan.“The National Front’s Post-Charlir Hebdo Moment.” The New York Times. February 18, 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/22/magazine/the-national-fronts-post-charlie-hebdo-moment.html?_r=0. Callimachi, Rukimini , Yardley, Jim. “From Amateur to Ruthless Jihadist in France.” The New York Times. January 17, 2015.http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/18/world/europe/paris-terrorism-brothers-said-cherif-kouachi-charlie-hebdo.html. Phillip, Abby, Ohlheiser, Abby. “What is Charlie Hebdo, the provocative satirical newspaper attacked by gunmen in Paris?” The Washington Post. January 7, 2015. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/world/wp/2015/01/07/what-is-charlie-hebdo-the-provocative-satirical-magazine-attacked-by-gunmen-in-paris/. Scott, Sayare. “What Je suis Charlie has become.” The Atlantic. January 30, 2015.http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/01/je-suis-charlie-france-patriotism/384990/ Stille, Alexander, “Can the French talk about race?” The New Yorker. July 11, 2014.http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/can-the-french-talk-about-race. Taibi, Catlerine.“These are the Charlie Hebdo cartoonists that terrorists though were worth killing over.” The New York Times. January 7, 2015.http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/07/charlie-hebdo-cartoons-paris-french-newspaper-shooting_n_6429552.html. Cartoonists show solidarity after Paris Charlie Hebdo attack, in pictures. The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11331506/Cartoonists-show-solidarity-after-Charlie-Hebdo-attack.html?frame=3161160.