Unit 2: Social Learning Theory Learning Approach Unit 2: Social Learning Theory

Social Learning Theory Observational Learning Observers learn by watching and imitating (copy) another person (role model) Both humans and animals learn through modeling

Bandura (1977) 4 criteria for social learning Attention to the role model Retention of the observed behaviour (remembering) Reproduction of the target behaviour (it must be in our capabilities) Motivation to imitate the behaviour (a reward)

Observational Learning Behaviour is modelled by a role model The observer identifies with the role model The behaviour is observed and noticed The behaviour is learned and imitated (repetition relies on reinforcement)

Role Models Effective role models Typically the same sex as the observer Admired Respected Status power

Vicarious reinforcement We learn through other’s mistakes (watching others get punished deters us from doing the same) Vicarious reinforcement You work hard because a friend was rewarded for working hard Vicarious punishment You do not fight in malls as you have seen others being punished for this behaviour Vicarious extinction You stop doing something because you have seen that people are not rewarded for it

Evaluation of Learning Theory Lots of evidence from research that supports theory It is a good explanation of behaviour and can be applied as a therapy for OCD and phobias It is difficult to measure observational learning as it is not always shown immediately Some of the research has been done on animals- lacks generalization Strengths Weaknesses

Learning the Research Using the information in the handout (p.72-73 in Unit 2 booklet) and your textbook, summarize the research that helps us understand a possible reason for aggressive behaviour in children Bandura et al (1963) Bandura, Ross and Ross (1961) Aim, method, results, strengths and weaknesses