Lecture 1.1 Atomic Structure

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Presentation transcript:

Lecture 1.1 Atomic Structure The Discovery, Structure, & Periodic Table

`Opio will be able to… (Thursday Quiz Questions) Use the periodic table to give the number of protons, neutrons, electrons, and properties of any element 2) Draw the atomic structure of a common element (ie: Lithium) 3) Memorize nicknames for the 30 most common elements

Discovery How small are atoms? 1,000,000,000

Discovery How Do We Know What They Look Like?

Discovery What Is It Like Not Knowing? Will We Ever Know? What Do We Know?

Discovery 1895 – W.K. Roentgen, Germany Certain minerals glow if hit by cathode rays (Electron rays in your TV and computer!) Some rays could pass through one mineral and make another one glow across the room! He called them X-rays, a symbol for unknown

Discovery 1896 – Henri Becquerel, France messes with X-ray emitting minerals & discovers Uranium is radioactive!

Discovery 1897 – Marie Curie, Poland discovers other radioactive elements

Discovery 1899 – Ernest Rutherford, New Zealand finds alpha & beta rays they go to different magnets gamma rays go straight

Discovery 1900s - Geiger & Marsden, Britain

Discovery 1900s - Geiger & Marsden, Britain Gold Foil Experiment Most alpha particles pass straight through Some scatter Some bounce back

Structure

Structure

Structure Protons (+) Neutrons (no charge) Electron cloud (-)

Drawing Elements

The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table Which ones do you recognize?

The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table Rows Atomic Mass Number (Protons) Atomic Weight (Neutrons) Electron Arrangement (Electrons)

The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table Columns Metals Non-metals Metalloids Halogens Noble gases

The Periodic Table

Common Elements (and their abbreviations) Aluminum Al Argon Ar Calcium Ca Carbon C Chlorine Cl Copper Cu Fluorine F Gold Au Helium He Hydrogen H Iron Fe Lead Pb Lithium Li Magnesium Mg Mercury Hg Neon N Nickel Ni Nitrogen N Oxygen O Phosphorous P Platinum Pt Potassium K Silicon Si Silver Ag Sodium Na Sulfur S Tin Sn Tungsten W Uranium U Zinc Zn