THE ATOM.

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Presentation transcript:

THE ATOM

We will learn more about these numbers soon. The Periodic Table Atomic Number Element Symbol Atomic Mass Number We will learn more about these numbers soon.

Powers of Ten Model Strings??? Quarks Subatomic Particles ex. protons all matter is made of atoms Pure Element ex. Oxygen Compound ex. H2O Mixture ex. air the matter all around you

The Sub-Atomic Particles Atomic Structure The Sub-Atomic Particles The atom is made up of three Sub-Atomic Particles Protons (+) Neutrons (0) Electrons (-)

Detailed Timeline of Discoveries JJ Thompson 1897 Marie Curie 1896 Democritus 400BC Detailed Timeline of Discoveries CERN in 3 minutes LHC Rap Earnest Rutherford 1909 Niels Bohr 1913 Your Name Here 2020

Niels Bohr Physicist Soccer Star Came up with the Bohr Model

Atomic Structure The Nucleus Nucleus – group of protons (+) and neutrons (0) in the center of every atom

Atomic Structure The Electron Cloud The negative electrons orbit the nucleus in the electron cloud. The electrons in the electron cloud are organized into energy levels or shells.

Atomic Structure The 2-8-8 Rule The Electron Cloud The 1st energy level can hold up to 2 electrons. The 2nd and 3rd energy levels each can hold up to 8 electrons each. As the number of electrons increases, more shells are added to make room. The Electron Cloud - -

Practice How many more electrons could the 3rd shell of this atom hold? -

Practice How many more electrons could the 3rd shell of this atom hold? 5 more 2-8-8 Rule 2 - 1 3

Nitrogen’s Electron Configuration: Atomic Structure The Electron Cloud Nitrogen’s Electron Configuration: First level : 2 e- Second level : 5 e- Valance electrons- electrons in the outermost energy level How many valence electrons does this Nitrogen atom have? 5 valance electrons

Practice - How many valence electrons does this atom have?

Practice How many valence electrons does this atom have? - 2

But if all elements are made up of atoms, what makes one element different than another? If they are both just made of atoms, why is gold heavy and sparkly and oxygen completely different?