ADAM4EVE workshop on Adaptive Ship Hull Forms June 4th, 2015 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo

ADAM4EVE workshop on Adaptive Ship Hull Forms Materials for hull-form adaptation Dr Stephen Boyd University of Southampton

Introduction Adaptive structures What about scale? Aerodynamics – the automotive industry Hydrodynamics – the marine industry What about scale? Are structural and material solutions available? Adaptation of a hull form is not new – trim tabs on speed boats have been available for many years Adaptation of aero-dynamic structures is also relatively common place – movable spoilers of cars

Introduction ADAM4EVE investigated the potential structural and material solutions for the large scale adaptation of ship hull-forms Two primary modes of adaptation were identified: Global Local The potential solutions were analysed through a simple SWOT analysis

Global adaptation Positive influence of bulbous bow design on the resistance characteristics of ship hulls Usually designed for single design speed or maybe a small range of speeds Global - Longitudinal change in bulbous bow Global - Vertical pivot of bulbous bow Global - Girth change in bulbous bow Maisonneuve, J.J., Harries, S., Marzi, J., Raven, H.C., Viviani, U., Piippo, H., Towards optimal design of ship hull shapes, Proc, of the 8th International Marine Design Conference, 2003. Strengths – Known to have an influence on efficiency & actuation technology is relatively mature Weakness – large heavy structure to move Opportunities – room for hydrodynamic performance evaluation and structural feasibility Threats – large scale demonstrator is difficult & materials for junction between structural assemblies

Local Adaptation Local - Adaptable stern flap Local - Adaptable panel in bow or stern region Strengths - Potential for efficiency gains in a variety of areas & Fixed and small scale solutions already proven Weaknesses – Hydrodynamic loading aft of the propeller & moving parts Opportunities - Hydrodynamic and materials assessment & Large number of possible solutions for adaptation Threats - Levels of adaptation achievable given materials and structural arrangement Strengths - Improvement in propulsive efficiency Weaknesses – Unknown efficiency benefits & Resistance to hydrodynamic loads Opportunities - Hydrodynamic assessment and materials assessment Threats – Levels of adaptation achievable & Levels of efficiency gain may be small Strengths - Potential for efficiency gains in manoeuvring & Retrofit relatively easy Weaknesses – Hydrodynamic loading relatively high and unsteady aft of propeller Opportunities – Hydrodynamic and materials assessment & Large number of possible solutions for adaptation Threats – Levels of adaptation achievable given materials & Levels of efficiency gain may be small Local - Adaptable Rudder/propeller

Local adaptable panel

Flow resistor concept Un-inflated state Inflated state Inflated actuators Deformed membrane

Flow resistor concept

Flow resistor concept

Flow resistor concept

Technical Progress

Technical Progress

Adaptive rudder

Adaptive concept http://www.petersaircraft.com/A380/Presentation.html

Adaptive rudder

Bi-stable Composites Finite element models of the influence of the high temperature curing provide theoretical deformation shapes Material properties and physical dimensions are key

Bi-stable Composites Ansys STL file 3D scanned STL file Difference between numerical and scanned panels (mm)

Bi-stable Composites Incorrect ply thickness 0.39mm 0.31mm

Bi-stable Composites Pos 1 Pos 2 Pos 3 Pos 4

The Project is funded in the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Union Contract No.: SCP2-GA-2012-314206 Any Questions?

Hydrodynamic adaptation http://www.americas-cup-history.com/english/miscell.htm http://www.bennetttrimtabs.com/selecting-the-right-trim-tabs/