Vestibular apparatus. Vestibulo-ocular reflex.

FUNCTIONS OF THE VESTIBULAR SYSTEM MAINTENANCE OF POSTURE. MAINTENANCE OF GAZE STABILITY DURING HEAD MOVEMENTS . MAINTENANCE OF EQUILIBRIUM DURING BODY MOVEMENTS. SUBJECTIVE SENSATION OF MOTION. SPATIAL ORIENTATION.

THE HAIR CELLS ARE THE BASIC ELEMENT OF THE VESTIBULAR RECEPTOR ORGANS.

THE HAIR CELL AND ITS STIMULATION

THE SENSE ORGAN OF THE SEMI- CIRCULAR CANAL IS CRISTA AMPULARIS

CRISTA AMPULARIS HAIR CELLS ARE LOCATED ON THE SURFACE OF THE CRISTA WITH THEIR CILIA PRO- TRUDING INTO THE CUPULA. THE CUPULA EXTENDS FROM THE SURFACE OF THE CRISTA TO THE CEILLING OF THE AMPULLA. THE KINOCILIA OF THE HAIR CELLS IN THE CRISTA ARE LOCATED ON THE SAME SIDE OF THE CRISTA.

ORIENTATION OF THE SEMICIRCULAR CANALS WITHIN THE HEAD

MACULA

THE PRIMARY VESTIBULAR NEURON THE CELL BODIES OF THE PRIMARY VESTIBULAR NEURON COPRISE SCARPA GANGLION

VESTIBULAR NUCLEI SUPERIOR INFERIOR LATERAL MEDIAL

CONNECTIONS OF THE VESTIBULAR NUCLEI. CEREBELLUM SPINAL CORD CONTRALATERAL VESTIBULAR NUCLEI EXTRINSIC EYE MUSCLES

VESTIBULO- OCULAR REFLEX /VOR/ IS A 3-NEURON ARC : PRIMARY VESTIBULAR NEURON | SECONDARY VESTIBULAR NEURON EXTRAOCULAR MOTONEURON

SEMICIRCULAR CANAL-OCULAR REFLEXES EACH SEMICIRCULAR CANAL IS CONNECTED TO THE EYE MUSCLES IN SUCH A WAY THAT STIMULATION OF THE CANAL RESULTS IN THE EYE MOVEMENTS APPROXIMATELY IN THE PLAIN OF THE CANAL.

CONNECTION OF THE SCC WITH EXTERNAL EYE MUSCLES SEMICIRCULAR CANAL EXITATION INHIBITION ======================================= HORIZONTAL I-MR C-MR C-LR I-LR POSTERIOR I-SO I-IO C-IR C-SR ANTERIOR I-SR I-IR C-IO C-SO