PO 402 Take Off and Landing Minima EO402.01 Altitudes Interpretation and Application of Criteria for the Development of Instrument Procedures PO 402 Take Off and Landing Minima EO402.01 Altitudes © Jet Pro 2012

References TP308/GPH209, Criteria for the Development of Instrument Procedures – Change 5.3 (15 Dec 2011), Volume 1, Chapter 3, Section 2 © Jet Pro 2012

Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) The MDA is the lowest altitude to which descent shall be authorized in procedures not using a glide slope; The MDA shall be expressed in feet above MSL and is determined by adding the required obstacle clearance to the MSL height of the controlling obstacle in the final approach segment and circling approach area for circling procedures. © Jet Pro 2012

MDA for Straight-In Approach The MDA for a straight-in approach shall provide at least the minimum required clearance over obstacles in the final approach segment; It shall also be established high enough to ensure that obstacles in the missed approach area do not penetrate the 40:1 missed approach surface (see Vol 1, Para 274); The MDA shall be rounded off to the next higher 20-foot increment. Example: 2,104 feet becomes 2,120. © Jet Pro 2012

MDA for Circling Approach The height of the circling MDA above the aerodrome (HAA) shall not be less than the minima referred to in Para 351; MDA shall provide at least the minimum required final obstacle clearance in the final approach segment and the minimum required circling obstacle clearance in the circling approach area; © Jet Pro 2012

MDA for Circling Approach (cont) It shall also meet the missed approach requirements specified in Para 321; The MDA shall be rounded to the next higher 20-foot increment. For example, 2,109 feet shall become 2,120; The published circling MDA shall not be above the FAF altitude or below the straight-in MDA. © Jet Pro 2012

Minima Adjustments Precipitous Terrain: When procedures are designed for use in areas characterized by precipitous terrain, in or outside of designed mountainous areas, consideration must be given to induced altimeter errors and pilot control problems which result when winds of 20 knots or more move over such terrain; Where these conditions are known to exist, required obstacle clearance in the final approach segment should be increased; © Jet Pro 2012

Minima Adjustments (cont) Precipitous Terrain: Procedure specialists and approving authorities should be aware of such hazards involved and make appropriate addition, based on their experience and good judgment, to limit the time in which an aircraft is exposed to lee-side turbulence and other weather phenomena associated with precipitous terrain; This may be done by increasing the minimum altitude over the intermediate and final approach fixes so as to preclude prolonged flight at low altitudes; User comments should be solicited to obtain the best available local information. © Jet Pro 2012

Minima Adjustments (cont) Remote Altimeter Setting Source (RASS): When the altimeter setting is obtained from a source more than 5 NM from the airport reference point (ARP) for an airport, or the heliport reference point (HRP) for a heliport or vertiport, the ROC shall be increased by the amount of RASS adjustment for the final (except precision final), step-down, circling and intermediate segments; For precision finals, the DH shall be increased by the amount of RASS adjustment; © Jet Pro 2012

Minima Adjustments (cont) Remote Altimeter Setting Source (RASS): When two altimeter sources are used, RASS shall be applied to the missed approach climb-to-altitude; RASS adjustment does not apply to MSAS, initials, en route, feeder routes or segment/areas based upon en route criteria; © Jet Pro 2012

Minima Adjustments (cont) Remote Altimeter Setting Source (RASS): A remote altimeter-setting source is not authorized for a remote distance that is greater then 75 NM or for an elevation differential between the RASS and the landing area that is greater than 6,000 feet; To determine which adjustment shall apply, evaluate the terrain between the RASS and the airport/heliport/vertiport for adverse atmospheric pressure pattern effects; Comments should be solicited from Environment Canada in order to obtain the best available climatological information. © Jet Pro 2012

Minima Adjustments (cont) Remote Altimeter Setting Source (RASS): Where intervening terrain does not adversely influence atmospheric pressure patterns, the following formula shall be used to compute the basic adjustment in feet: RASS Adjustment = 2.3 dR + 0.14e where: "dR" =the horizontal distance in nautical miles from the altimeter source to the ARP/HRP, and “e" =the elevation differential in feet between the elevation of the RASS and the elevation of the airport/heliport/vertiport. (see Figure 3-37B). © Jet Pro 2012

Minima Adjustments (cont) Remote Altimeter Setting Source (RASS): © Jet Pro 2012

Minima Adjustments (cont) Remote Altimeter Setting Source (RASS): Where intervening terrain adversely influences atmospheric pressure patterns, an elevation differential area (EDA) shall be evaluated. The EDA is defined as the area within 5 NM each side of a line connecting the ARP/HRP and the RASS, and includes a circular area enclosed by a 5 NM radius at each end of this line. (see Figure 3-37C. The following formulas shall be used to compute the basic adjustment: RASS Adjustment = 2.3 dR + 0.14E where: "dR" = the horizontal distance in nautical miles from the altimeter source to the ARP/HRP, and "E" =the terrain elevation differential in feet between the lowest and the highest terrain elevation points contained with the EDA. (see Figure 3-37C). © Jet Pro 2012

Minima Adjustments (cont) © Jet Pro 2012

Minima Adjustments (cont) © Jet Pro 2012

Minima Adjustments (cont) Remote Altimeter Setting Source (RASS): For the intermediate segment, use 60 per cent of the basic adjustment from Para 323.b (1) or (2), and increase the intermediate segment ROC by the amount this value exceeds 200 feet. © Jet Pro 2012

Minima Adjustments (cont) Remote Altimeter Setting Source (RASS): For a missed approach climb-to-altitude when two altimeter sources are available and the climb-to-altitude is less than the missed approach clearance limit altitude, apply RASS adjustment to the climb-to-altitude or to Section 2 and Zone 2/3 40:1 surface height as follows: © Jet Pro 2012

Minima Adjustments (cont) Remote Altimeter Setting Source (RASS): Missed approach climb-to-altitude: Decrease the starting height of the 40:1 surface for Section 2 and Zone 2/3 by the difference between the RASS adjustments for the two remote altimeter sources; Where one altimeter is local, subtract the full RASS adjustment; Do not decrease these surface-starting heights to less than the height of the 40:1 surface at the MAP. © Jet Pro 2012

Minima Adjustments (cont) Remote Altimeter Setting Source (RASS): Missed approach climb-to-altitude: If the application of Para 323.b(4)(a) results in a 40:1 surface penetration that cannot be resolved by other methods, provide a second climb-to-altitude using the least accurate altimeter source by adding the difference between the RASS adjustments to the climb-to-altitude and rounding to the next higher 20-foot increment; DO NOT lower the Section 2 and Zone 2/3 40:1 surfaces; © Jet Pro 2012

Minima Adjustments (cont) Remote Altimeter Setting Source (RASS): Missed approach climb-to-altitude: This application shall not increase the climb-to-altitude above the missed approach clearance limit altitude; For example: "MISSED APPROACH: Climb to 5,900 (6,100 when using Kelowna altimeter setting) then…. © Jet Pro 2012

Minima Adjustments (cont) Remote Altimeter Setting Source (RASS): Point-In-Space Approach (PINSA): When the MAP is more than 5 NM from the PINSA altimeter-setting source, RASS adjustment shall be applied; For application of the RASS formula, define "dR" as the distance from the altimeter setting source to the MAP, and define "e" or "E" as in Para 323.b.(1) or (2). © Jet Pro 2012

Minima Adjustments (cont) Remote Altimeter Setting Source (RASS): Minimum Reception Altitude (MRA): Where a minimum altitude is dictated by the MRA, the MRA shall be increased by the amount of the RASS adjustment factor. © Jet Pro 2012

Minima Adjustments (cont) Remote Altimeter Setting Source (RASS): When the procedure is based on a remote altimeter source, the procedure shall be annotated, as follows: Full Time Remote: "Use Ottawa Intl altimeter setting.” In this case, the adjustment shall be included in the published altitudes; Part Time Remote: "When using Ottawa Intl altimeter setting, add XXX feet to all procedure altitudes." © Jet Pro 2012

Minima Adjustments (cont) Remote Altimeter Setting Source (RASS): The calculated RASS adjustment value shall be rounded to the nearest 10-foot increment. © Jet Pro 2012

Minima Adjustments (cont) Excessive Length of Final Approach: When a final approach fix is incorporated in the procedure, and the distance from that fix to the nearest landing surface exceeds 6 NM, the required obstacle clearance in the final approach segment shall be increased at the rate of 5 feet for each one-tenth NM over 6 miles; © Jet Pro 2012

Minima Adjustments (cont) Excessive Length of Final Approach: Where a step-down fix is incorporated in the final approach segment, the basic obstacle clearance may be applied between the step-down fix and the MAP, provided the fix is within 6 NM of the landing surface; These criteria are applicable to non-precision approach procedures only. © Jet Pro 2012

Decision Altitude (DA) The DA is the barometric altitude, specified in feet above MSL, at which a missed approach shall be initiated if the required visual reference has not been established; DA’s shall be established with respect to the approach obstacle clearance and HAT requirements specified in TP308 Volume 3. © Jet Pro 2012

Decision Altitude (DA) (cont) The DA applies to approach procedures where the pilot is provided with glidepath deviation information; e.g., ILS, MLS, TLS, GLS, LNAV/VNAV, Baro VNAV, or PAR. © Jet Pro 2012

Decision Height (DH) The DH is the value of the DA expressed in feet above the highest runway elevation in the touchdown zone; This value is also referred to as HAT. © Jet Pro 2012

Jet Pro Student Guide (JPSG) Complete section 2.1 of JPSG. © Jet Pro 2012