新课标人教版课件系列 《高中英语》 必修5-2.9

Grammar ＆ Writing

Look at the dialogue and find the use of the past participle.

-- Look at the excited boy! Why is he so happy? -- He has got the first prize in the contest. -- No wonder he is excited!

No wonder he is excited! (predictive) 过去分词作表语一般用来表示感受或状态（系动词+过去分词) No wonder he is excited! (predictive) 可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有： delighted, disappointed, upset, astonished, excited, frightened, experienced, interested, qualified, puzzled, exhausted, satisfied

过去分词作定语： 1. 分词可以用作前置定语，此时，分词和名词之间有两种语意关系：一种是分词表示主动（但时间上已经过去）；一种是分词表被动。

He is a retired worker. 他是一个退休工人。 This is a newly-developed device. 这是一个新开发的工具。 2. 过去分词作后置定语时，其功能当于一个定语从句。

Past Participle as the Attributive . Example: So many thousands of terrified people died. (In the text) Now find two more examples in the reading passage.

1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 2. With this evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the disease

过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。 Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train. 他们当中有一些人, 生长在农村，从未见过火车。

用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，变成所谓的转移形容语。这种过去分词在形式上直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。 The general stared at him in startled admiration. 将军以惊讶而赞赏的眼光注视着他。

Attention eg. We asked two of China’s many talented journalists to tell us more about new. I want to write about people addicted to drugs.

When the past participle is a single word, where do you put, before the noun modified or after it? When the past participle is a phrase, where do you put?

过去分词短语用作定语时，一般皆至置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁，多用于笔语中。

There were twenty or thirty monkeys huddled along the branches as still as statues. 有二三十个猴子蜷缩在树枝上, 静如雕像。

Trucks and buses were driven on gas carried in large bags on the roof. 卡车与公共汽车皆烧煤气，煤气是装载车顶上的袋中。

Look at the dialogue and find the use of the past participle.

-- I hear you and James are engaged at last. -- Yes, we are. -- When are you getting married? -- In the spring. -- Oh, lovely. Where’s the wedding going to be?

Past Participle as the Predicative Example: But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people. 　Now find two more examples 　　　　　　　　in the reading passage.

He got interested in two theories explaining how cholera killed people. Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.

Practice 1: Complete the table with phrases that have the same meaning. Past Participle as an attribute Past Participle as the predicative 1.terrified people 2.reserved seats 3.polluted water 4.acrowded room 5.a pleased winner 1.people who are terrified 2.seats which are reserved 3.water that is polluted 4.a room that is crowded 5.a winner who is pleased

Past Participle as an attribute the predicative 6.children who look astonished 7.a vase that is broken 8.a door that is closed 9.the audience who feel tired 10.an animal that is trapped 6.astonished children 7.a broken vase 8.a closed door 9.the tired audience 10. a trapped animal

Practice 2: Change the following into English using “make + n Practice 2: Change the following into English using “make + n.” and past participles.

make an appointment 约会 make a gossip 闲言碎语 make an apology 道谦 竞争 make a contest 选择 make a choice

不速之客 unexpected visitors 感到沮丧的学生 discouraged students 受到鼓舞的竞赛者 inspired contestant 拥挤的街道 crowded streets 打动人的演讲 struck speeches

3 Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative.(P5) 1.He got ______ about losing the money. 2.Why do you always look so ____? Do you sleep well these days? blamed tired

3.I was ___________ with the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better. disappointed 4.Everybody was ________________ to hear the death of the famous film star. shocked/ depressed

5.The children are really _______ about going to the zoo. 6.His wound became _______with a new virus. excited infected

Practice 2: Rewrite the following sentences with the past participle as attributive. Let’s try the bookstore that was opened last month. Let’s try the bookstore opened last month.

Nine out of ten women who were interviewed about the product said they liked it. Nine out of ten women interviewed about the product said they liked it. Yesterday, the President went to visit the workers who had retired. Yesterday, the President went to visit the retired workers.

Further information: Difference between the Present Participle and the Past participle Flash

Choose appropriate verbs to complete the following sentences, using the past participle. Explain the use of the past participle in each sentence. (P44) 1

1. They were ________ to accept my idea. 2. I'll be _________ to hear what he has to say. 3. The mayor said that he was _______about the _________ rise of the water level in the river bed. prepared interested worried continued

4. Recently ________ soldiers are helping to take the victims to safe areas from the flood. 5. Most of the newspaper seems to be _________ with pop stars. 6. He was _________ of going alone into the empty house. arrived concerned frightened

2 1. I found this plate on the floor. The plate was broken in pieces. Rewrite these sentences as one sentence using the past participle as the attribute or predicative.(P44) 2 1. I found this plate on the floor. The plate was broken in pieces. I found this broken plate on the floor.

2. I saw a tall, dark and handsome man. His name is Xiao Ming. I saw a tall, dark and handsome man called Xiao Ming. 3. I looked at that modem abstract (抽象) painting. It was colored in yellows and greens. I looked at that modem abstract painting colored in yellows and greens.

4. Yesterday I got the answer to my question. It was the one I expected. Yesterday I got the expected answer to my question. 5. She is one of my friends. She is devoted to my interests. She is my friend devoted to my interests.

6. On the doorstep I found a lot of bottles. They were marked in green ink. On the doorstep I found a lot of bottles were labelled in green ink. 7. We saw many windows in that room. They were all cracked. We saw many cracked windows in that room.

Writing task Think about the writing techniques and writing features of a report and look at the following form and try to understand it.

Report Formal language with few adjectives. No speech except quotations Not emotional Only one main character. Factual Structured according to experimental method Past tense and passive voice

Gregor Mendel's Achievements Born: 1822 in Brno, Czechoslovakia Died: 1884 Most famous work: Laws of heredity Method: Mendel studied 28,000 pea plants before making his laws about heredity. First he grew some pea plants and then he watched what grew.

He rejected the short plants (1st generation) and concentrated on what happened to the tall plants in the second generation. This is how he did it.

Pea Plants 1 2 3 4 Tt Tt Tt Tt 1st generation Tt Tt 2nd generation TT Tt tT tt Key: T = tall plants; t = short plants

He found that the 1st generation tall plants produced second generation plants that were both short and tall. This showed that plants have two characteristics (short and tall) but that one is masked by the other so that only one shows.

He proved that all inherited genes remain unchanged in the new generation plant and do not mix to become medium-sized plants.

A persuasive writing Formal or informal, vivid use of language Speech to show feelings, reactions, etc Emotional or not emotional to describe feelings and facts Only two main characters Factual or imaginative based on fact Reason and persuade step by step Present tense

Dear Nicolaus Copernicus, I am a student studying astronomy and I would very much like to read your new theory about the solar system. I hope you will publish it for several reasons. I understand the problems with the present theory. The way the planets

move is not what you would expect if the earth was the centre of the universe. It is also odd that the brightness of some stars seems to change. So I agree with you that we need new theory.

I know your observations have been very carefully carried out over many years. Now you must have the courage to publish them. Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs. I know you worry about what will happen if you publish your new theory.

No matter how people oppose it, time will show if your ideas are right or wrong. So I hope you will feel you can publish your new theory. Yours sincerely, (your name)