Antebellum America APUSH Unit 5 1790-1860

Nationalism? Ongoing Impact of the American Revolution 3.2-IIIC; 4.1-IIB; 4.3-IIA; 4.3-IIIA Nationalism? Ongoing Impact of the American Revolution French Revolution, 1789 Haitian Revolution, 1791-1804 Latin American Revolutions, 1820s Regional Identities  American Sectionalism North … South … West Hartford Convention, 1814 Expansion of Slavery

A National Republican Culture Revolutionary Ideals individual talent > hereditary privilege Ongoing global revolution France … Haiti … Latin America “republican motherhood” Enlightenment ideas women in the Revolution women’s appeals for expanded roles in society Awareness of inequalities greater political democracy calls for abolition of slavery

A National Republican Culture? 3.2-IIIC; 4.1-IIB; 4.3-IIA; 4.3-IIIA A National Republican Culture? Slavery In the Declaration? In the Constitution? End of Atlantic Slave Trade, 1808 Expansion into the Southwest Emancipation Plans Northern Emancipation Gradual Emancipation & Manumission American Colonization Society, 1817 Acquisition of Western Lands Missouri Compromise, 1820

Market Revolution Social Results of Industrialization Entrepreneurship Division of labor Social stratification Middle class Working class Changes in family roles Entrepreneurship Regional Specialization Northeast – South – West Political implications?

Technology & Industrial Revolution Cotton and the South Samuel Slater & the Factory System (1791) Eli Whitney & the cotton gin (1793) Industrial Inventions Eli Whitney & interchangeable parts Elias Howe & Isaac Singer Samuel F.B. Morse Workers & “wage slaves” Textile mill girls (Lowell, MA) Unions Low-skill male workers (immigrants) Slaves ginning cotton (Library of Congress)

Transportation Revolution Roads Lancaster Turnpike (1790s) Cumberland (National) Road Steamboats Fulton’s Clermont (1807) Canals DeWitt Clinton & The Erie Canal (1825) Railroads (1840s) federal land grants

Immigration and Urbanization Population Growth Urban life Immigration Irish Potato famine (mid-1840s) German Xenophobia Nativism American (“Know-Nothing”) Party (est. 1849)

The End of Homespun A – Patents F – Technology: Whitney’s interchangeable parts; Slater’s cotton mill; Evans’ steam engine B – State Gov’t Investment, Erie Canal, schools G – Population & Immigration incr. C – NE Farm  Factory (jobs & school) H – Fed’l Courts: federal supremacy & honoring of contracts D – Clay’s American System; Tariff of 1816 I – Embargo of 1807; War of 1812  Fed’l Gov’t investment E – Canals (E-W) J – Bank of the U.S.

American Optimism & Reform Impulses Alexis de Tocqueville: 5 Values Liberty, egalitarianism, individualism, populism & laissez-faire America as “City Upon a Hill” Romanticism Art & Literature Transcendentalism Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) “The American Scholar” (1837) Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) “On Civil Disobedience” Dark Side of Reform

Reform in Education Horace Mann (MA) Moral Education free common schools normal school system Moral Education McGuffey Readers

Reform in Religion Second Great Awakening Denominational Diversity “Burned-over” district in New York Denominational Diversity Millennialism William Miller & Millerites “The Great Disappointment” Methodists & Baptists The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Mormons) Joseph Smith (1830) Brigham Young & New Zion (1846-47)

Humanitarian Reform Public Asylums Temperance Dorothea Dix Barroom Dancing by John Lewis Krimmel, 1820 (Library of Congress) Temperance pledge (Library of Congress) Public Asylums Dorothea Dix Mental Hospitals Penitentiaries Temperance American Temperance Society (est. 1826)

Humanitarian Reform Other Reforms Utopian Movements American Peace Society Sylvester Graham & Amelia Bloomer Utopian Movements New Harmony, IN (1825) Robert Owen Brook Farm, MA (1841) George Ripley Oneida, NY (1848) John Humphrey Noyes

The Age of Jackson Tariffs Avoiding the Slave Issue Tariffs of 1828 & 1832 Nullification & John C. Calhoun Force Bill (1833) Compromise Tariff of 1833 H. Clay Avoiding the Slave Issue Antislavery literature ban Texas Statehood Congressional “gag” rule

The Arts Architecture Painting Gilbert Stuart John Trumbull Hudson River School George Caleb Bingham Thomas Cole & Frederick Church George Caleb Bingham, Raftsmen Playing Cards (1847)

Thomas Cole’s American Lake Scene

Thomas Cole’s Subsiding of the Waters of the Deluge

Thomas Cole’s Landscape

Samuel Coleman’s Storm King on the Hudson