The Crisis of European culture, 1871-1914

AWFUL 1st Ind. Rev. 2nd Ind. Rev. c. 1760-1830 c. 1850-1914 Textiles Time Frame Methods of Production Mass Production Power Sources New Engines Inventions Standard of Living for working class c. 1760-1830 c. 1850-1914 Hand  Machine Increased Automation Textiles Steel (Bessemer Process) Water, Coal, & Steam* Petroleum & Electricity Steam Engine* Internal Combustion Spinning Jenny Water Frame Spinning Mule Cotton Gin Automobiles Chemicals Railroads Telegraph, Telephone, Radio AWFUL Think Tocqueville in Manchester Still Bad, but improving (Sewers, Sanitation, etc.) Expansion of Middle Class * Note that these technologies continued to be used during the 2nd IR but new sources of power were introduced, in addition.

I. European economy & politics of mass society. a I. European economy & politics of mass society a. regulating boom and bust

B. Challenging liberal England 1. trade unions

2. Fabians and parliamentary reforms

3. Extraparliamentary protest

C. Political struggles in Germany. 1. Bismarck and the kulturkampf. 2 C. Political struggles in Germany 1. Bismarck and the kulturkampf 2. social democrats

D. Political scandals & mass politics in france

1. National culture 2. Boulanger affair

3. Dreyfus affair

II. The political outsiders a. feminists and politics

b. The jewish question and zionism

c. Workers and minorities on the margins

iii. Science and art. a. new discoveries & challenges. b iii. Science and art a. new discoveries & challenges b. the social sciences 1. freud 2. durkheim

c. Art and the new age 1. realism

2. impressionism

3. post-impressionism

4. pointillism, symbolism. Etc.

Conclusion: the Eiffel tower fin-de-siecle