Anesthes. 2016;125(1):38. doi: /01.anes ce Figure Legend:

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From: Melancholic Temperamental Education for 1893 Classes by “Masters of Anaesthesia” Anesthes. 2016;125(1):38. doi:10.1097/01.anes.0000484138.16152.ce Figure Legend: Flemish artist Maerten de Vos’ earthbound Melancholicus (1583) reminds us that a patient of melancholic temperament is congealed with the cold, dry “black bile” humor linked by ancient Greeks with elemental earth. By 1893 at Chicago’s Post-Graduate School of Anaesthesia (PGSA), professors were tutoring future “Master of the Science of Anaesthesia” candidates to anticipate that a melancholic patient’s anesthesia might comprise—what today’s anesthesiologists would characterize as—(1) a stormy induction, (2) a risk for reflex heart-slowing due to anesthetic underdosage (termed “syncope” by the PGSA), and (3) a smooth emergence. PGSA Professor Charles Gilbert Davis, M.D., M.S.A., taught that melancholic patients might benefit from preanesthetic calming (termed “hypnosis” by the PGSA). Surgeon-anesthetist Davis delivered his lecture “Hypnotism with Special Reference to Hypnotic Suggestion” at the World’s Psychical [Psychological] Science Congress at the 1893 Columbian Exposition. (Copyright © the American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc.) Date of download: 10/26/2017 Copyright © 2017 American Society of Anesthesiologists. All rights reserved.