UNIFIED LOAD DESPATCH SCHEME IN THE SOUTHERN REGION AN OVERVIEW

Unified Grid Operation National Level NLDC Regional Level ERLDC WRLDC NRLDC SRLDC NERLDC 5 Nos. State HQ Level 32 Nos. SLDC Group / Distt Level 51 Nos. SUB LDC Plant / Sub- Station Level 1160 Nos. RTU

Hierarchy of The ULDC Scheme in Southern Region DIRECTLY REPORTING 24 RTUs RLDC,Bangalore 14 RTUs SCC, Pondy CPCC 30 RTUs 87 RTUs 101 RTUs 64RTUs Hyderabad Kalamassery Chennai Bangalore Andhra Kerala Tamilnadu Karnataka Bangalore Hyderabad Kalam’erry Chennai Lingusugur Cuddapah Kannur Erode Warangal Trivandrum Madurai Hubli UNIFIEDUNIFIED Vijayawada

Karnataka Andhra Pradesh UT of Pondy Kerala Tamilnadu Information Flow to Control Centres Ramagundam Karnataka Warangal Satellite Ghanapur HYDERABAD Vijayawada Andhra Pradesh Hubli Davangeree MW Link Chinkampalli Bangalore FO Link State owneed Link CHENNAI Sub-LDC SLDC Pondy Kannur-B Erode RCLDC UT of Pondy Kerala KALAMASSERY Tamilnadu Madurai Vydyuthi Bhavanam

Communication Channel for Information flow RLDC Wide Band Commn SLDC SLDC Wide Band Commn (MW / FO) Sub-LDC Sub-LDC Wide Band / PLCC Commn RTU RTU RTU

EXISTING MICROWAVE LINK HINDUPUR EXISTING MICROWAVE LINK

COMPLEXITY OF MONITORING Annual Inter-Regional Integrated Opn of Ten Power Utilities Annual Inter-Regional Energy Transfer ≈10,000MU Generators –Hydro, Thermal,Gas/IPP 422 nos. 30,000 POINTS Active Power, Reactive Power, Voltage, Frequency, Transformer Tap Position, Circuit Breaker Position, Isolator Position etc Transmission Network 400/220kV ≈ 40700 Ckm Installed Capacity ≈32800 MW Transformation Capacity ≈ 45000 MVA Transformers (220kV and above) 480 nos. Dynamic Grid Conditions

Scan Cycles All the analog data are scanned every 10/12 seconds Status information are reported by exception All status information are scanned for integrity check every 10 minutes The SOE datas are time stamped at 1 ms resolution Time synchronisation is done every 10 minutes

SRLDC ARCHITECTURE SLDC WORK STATION1 WORK STATION2 WORK STATION3 WORK STATION4 WORK STATION5 LAN 2 LAN 1 SLDC FEP1 FEP2 ROUTER 1 . ROUTER 2 . SCADA/ AGC SERVER DATA SERVER . BACKUP SERVER . EMS SERVER A EMS SERVER B BACK UP EMS . RAID

RSCC, BANGALORE CONTROL CENTRE WS01 WS02 WS03 WS04 WS05 WORK STATIONS DUAL LAN FRONT END PROCESSORS Switch WS06 WS07 DTS SYSTEM AP-07 AP-08 FEP-1 FEP-2 DTS SERVER DTS SERVER AP-03 BACKUP SERVER APPLICATION PROCESSOR RAID PNA:POWER NETWORK ANALYSIS COPS: COMPREHENSIVE OPERATION PLANNING AND SCHEDULING ICCP: INTER CONTROL CENTRE COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL RAID:- REDUNDANT ARRAY OF INDEPENDENT DISKS AP-01 AP-02 AP-04 AP-05 AP-06 SCADA AGC DATA SERVER PNA/ICCP SERVER COPS SERVER BACKUP SERVER

FUNCTIONS OF SCADA DATA ACQUISITION. PROCESSING OF ACQUIRED DATA. LIMIT / STATUS MONITORING & ALARMING. NETWORK STATUS PROCESSOR. SEQUENCE OF EVENT RECORDING. INFORMATION STORAGE & RETRIEVAL. DATA EXCHANGE SUPERVISORY CONTROL.

Energy Management Systems / (EMS) Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition Systems (SCADA) HIERARCHICAL LEVEL Regional LDC EMS/SCADA State LDC EMS/SCADA Sub-LDC SCADA Remote Terminal Units RTU RTU RTU RTU RTU

EMS FUNCTIONS PRE DISPATCH FUNCTIONS REAL TIME DISPATCH FUNCTIONS REAL TIME NETWORK ANALYSIS POST DISPATCH FUNCTIONS

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Implementation through – Unified Approach Achieved co-ordinated and phased implementation Established the facilities within same time frame Compatibility of equipment system Standardisation of Hardware and software with resulting economy in cost Optimisation of maintenance/spares of equipments

PRE-DISPATCH FUNCTIONS LOAD FORECASTING HYDRO-THERMAL COORDINATION HYDRO SCHEDULING UNIT COMMITMENT INTERCHANGE SCHEDULING INTERCHANGE TRANSACTION EVALUATION INFLOW FORECASTING CURRENT OPERATING PLAN

REAL TIME DISPATCH FUNCTIONS OPERATION MONITOR AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL ECONOMIC DISPATCH RESERVE MONITOR LOAD SHEDDING SUPPORT PRODUCTION COST MONITORING

REAL-TIME NETWORK ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS NETWORK TOPOLOGY BUS-LOAD FORECAST STATE ESTIMATION EXTERNAL MODEL LOSS SENSITIVITY REAL-TIME CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS OPTIMUM POWER FLOW

POST-DISPATCH FUNCTIONS POST DISTURBANCE ANALYSIS --DISTURBANCE DATA COLLECTION --SEQUENCE OF EVENTS DATA