What to Research, for Whom to Develop? NOTES 1. Poster Title • Replace the mock-up text of the poster title (”Joint Research Centre”) with the text of your own title. • Keep the original font colour (100c 80m 0y 0k). • Keep the flush-right justification. • Set it in Helvetica Rounded Bold Condensed, if you own the typeface. Otherwise, in Arial, Helvetica or Verdana – plain or bold. • Keep the original font body size (102 pt or, preferably,120 pt) and the title on a single line whenever possible. Reduce the body size and/or set the title on more than one line only if unavoidable. 2. Poster Subtitle • Replace the mock-up text of the poster subtitle (”Place Your Poster Subtitle Here”) with the text of your own subtitle. • Keep the original font colour (black). • Set it in MetaPlusBook-Roman, if you own the typeface. Otherwise, in Arial, Helvetica or Verdana. • Keep the original font body size (72 pt) and the subtitle on a single line whenever possible. Reduce the body size and/or set the subtitle on more than one line only if unavoidable. • If your poster does not have a main subtitle, delete the subtitle mock-up text or its text-box altogether. 3. Poster Main Text and Illustrations • Replace the mock-up text of the poster with your own text. Keep it within the boundaries of the two main-text boxes provided. • Should you need a second colour within your text, use the same one of the poster title (100c 80m 0y 0k). • Keep the flush-left justification. • Set the main text in MetaPlusBook-Roman and the section headings in MetaPlusBold-Roman, if you own the typefaces. Otherwise, the main text in Arial, Helvetica or Verdana, and the section headings in their respective bold weights. • Adjust the font body size and leading to the needs of your own text, depending on its overall length, for optimal display and legibility. • Should you need a second level of text, set it in a smaller body size than that of your main text (and, in the case of photo captions, in italics, too). • Place your illustrations (pictures, graphs, etc.) within the boundaries of the two main-text boxes. Adjust your text-flow as needed. 4. Contact Box • Replace the mock-up contents of the contact box with your own data. • Keep the contact box in place if possible. Place it elsewhere only if unavoidable for layout reasons, but in that case try, at least, to align it with some main element of the poster. 5. Additional Logos • Should you need to display additional logos (e.g., of partner organizations or universities), reduce or enlarge them to a height within those of the JRC logo and the Directorate or Institute logo. • Place any additional logos on the bottom of the poster, evenly spaced between the JRC and (if there is one) the Directorate or Institute logo, and vertically centred with them. What to Research, for Whom to Develop? The Case of Turkish Defence Industry Firms Motivation / Objectives This study aims to analyze the relationship between the R&D activities and the economic performance of enterprises within the Turkish Defence Industry. Taking into consideration the peculiar case of the military research and development, the main discussion question may be stated as follows: Can “Defence Industry Sector” be a model for sectors seeking evocative innovation and R&D for the firms? 2009-2016 Strategy Document for Defence Industry The main R&D concept appears to be; gaining the national capabilities on developing the critical subsystems, components, and technologies, which fulfill the needs of TAF. The National Defence R&D Road Map Approach Main data were gathered from TurkStat, OECD and The Undersecratariat for Defence Industries (SSM), which meets the systems requirements of Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) and is accomplishing the main part of the procurement process. The study also covers data from the survey on the 105 firms registered by the Defence Industry Manufacturers Association (SASAD) in the year 2007. 93 private sector firms and 4 military enterprises had responded the survey. Turkey’s R&D Performance According to theTurkStat data, in terms of PPP, GERD was 7.034 million USD in 2008 and was 6.578 million USD in 2007. In 2008, 43.8% of R&D expenditure was performed by higher education sector, 44.2% by business enterprises (state owned and private sector), and 12.0% by government. Analyzing the sectors financing R&D expenditure in 2008, 47.3% financed by business enterprises, 31.6% by government sector, 16.2% by higher education sector, 3.6% by other national sectors and 1.3% by foreign funds. OECD data for Turkish R&D in 2008 are as follows: Source: http://stats.oecd.org SASAD Firms R&D Performance The total gross revenue of the 4 military enterprises and 93 firms was 5.86 million USD in 2007. The ratio of R&D expenditure from equity capital (EC) to total GERD for defence sector firms is 33%. The ratio of total GERD to total revenue of the firms is 16%. SSM Procurement Projects SSM coordinates and engages 111 procurement projects currently, with a Total Amount of Contract (TAC) of 16 billion USD . Within these developments there are several R&D projects with a TAC of 147 million USD. The procurement of the TAF’s needs are implemented via domestic development, foreign purchase, joint production or consortia. Although the domestic development seems to be the most preferred way of procurement, the larger scale projects are developed by joint production. Source: SASAD, 2007 Turkish Defence Industry Firms Survey Conclusion The Turkish Defence Industry firms which have intense R&D activity are also the ones which have better overall performance. This is true both for the R&D activities based on the equity capital of the firms and the funded projects. The national R&D policies appear to be the main determinants of the distribution of the R&D funds for most of the sectors, and the density of the R&D activities mainly depends on these funds. In the Defence Sector however, the needs of TAF and the R&D strategies specific to the sector are more dominant, making the sector atypical for the Turkish market. Source: www.ssm.gov.tr Contact Dr. Burçak ÖZOĞLU POÇAN TUBITAK- SAGE/ METU STPS TURKEY Tel. +90 312 5909344 E-mail: bpocan@sage.tubitak.gov.tr