37th Meeting of the LNF Scientific Committee OPERA Status Report Lucia Votano On behalf of the OPERA Collaboration Lucia Votano 1

OPERA-LNF General support structure Containers for the emulsion-lead bricks (« walls ») OPERA-LNF General support structure F. Bersani Greggio, A. Cazes, V. Chiarella, C. Di Troia, B. Dulach, G. Felici, A. Franceschi, F. Grianti, T. Napolitano, M. Paniccia, A. Paoloni, M. Spinetti, F. Terranova, L. Votano In collaboration with LNF-SEA, LNF-SPAS, LNF-SSCR, LNF-DA_ Scintillators Veto Magnets RPC Brick insertion machine Drift tubes Automatic scanning of nuclear emulsion LNF projects Projects with partecipation of LNF Brick production machine (“BAM”) Lucia Votano Non-LNF projects

t identification Neutrino 125mm 100mm 75.4mm II 10 X0 ECC Target is divided in about 151000 ECC’s Neutrino Long event 40% Short event 60% 125mm 100mm 75.4mm II 10 X0 lead plate ECC （Emulsion Cloud Chamber） Piled up alternately Nuclear Emulsion (OPERA film) ～ 8.3 kg

Sensitivity of tau neutrino detection Full mixing after 5 years run at 4.5x1019 pot / year - decay channels Signal (Full mixing) Background m2 2.5 x 10-3 (eV2) 3.0 x 10-3 (eV2) -  µ- 2.9 4.2 0.17 -  e- 3.5 5.0 -  h- 3.1 4.4 0.24 -  3h 0.9 1.3 ALL 10.4 15.0 0.76 Background sources: - Charm production and decays - Hadron re-interactions in lead - Large-angle muon scattering in lead Occur if primary muon is not detected and possible wrong charge measurement of secondary muon. Muon ID is very crucial issue for the experiment!

Brick Target 2003 : start building detector January 2007: start filling target Brick Target Target mass 1.35 kt 　~　151000 Bricks 　~　8 millions of nuclear Emulsion Brick filling (146621 bricks) completed in July 2008: 4500 bricks will be produced at the end of 2008 once additional lead will be delivered after J.L. Goslar fire accident Lucia Votano

2008 CNGS neutrino run 18 June -3 Nov 2008 1.78E19 pot Sept-Oct 2007 8.24E17 pot 2008 CNGS neutrino run 18 June -3 Nov 2008 1.78E19 pot 2009 CNGS neutrino run requested 4.5E19 pot ( nominal), scheduled 3.5E19 pot (168 days 48s supercycle 80% efficiency 2.4E13 pot/extraction) Lucia Votano

2007 CNGS ( OPERA 80% SM1 filled = 0.5 kton)  Sept-Oct 2007: 8.24x1017 integrated pot CNGS “Nominal”: 4.5 1019 pot /yr (1yr=200 days) 20/10/07 12/10/07 Comissioning Physics Problems in ventilation control units of the proton target 9/10/07 6.72 1017 pot 59 : CNGS very stable at 1.58 1017 pot/day 326 expected events in bricks 38 events registered: 29 CC 9 NC 5/10/07 3.91 1017 pot Time: in ns from 1/01/1970

CNGS 2008 integrated intensity: 1.782E19 pot 3/11 8:00 1.782E19 pot CNGS “Nominal” : 4.5 1019 pot /yr (1yr=200 days) Horns filters 19-20/10 18KV cable accident 25/7 6-8/10 MD CNGS quadrupole 14-17/9 Beam loss, vacuum accident 27/6-2/7 10/7-18/7 Earth fault on the PS magnet Horn + PS vacuum Week 1/9 Wed 18/6 17:00 Start of commissioning at low intensity PS septum + Long MD 8-14/8 Long MD stop + MTE kicker problem 7/7 6:00 – 10/7 12:00 June 26th- November 3rd Unix Time

2008 Statistics Duty cycle increased since September 24th (suppression of LHC pilot cycle) Further increase after October 6th (stop of north area) This allowed to partially recover the initial bad performance: Final statistics delivered by CNGS: 1.782E19 pot collected, (80% of the 2008 expectations) about 10100 on time events 1700 neutrino interactions in the bricks Important note: This year we had two different running conditions From June 26th June to September 24th : ~0.75x1019pot in 8 Unix Time Units From September 25th to November 3rd : ~1.03x1019pot in 3.5 Unix Time Units The event rate/day during the second period was ~25 (~170 events/week) Lucia Votano

OPERA 2008 run (Electronic Detectors) Average rate Reference sample: long tracks (>5 TT planes) (x20) CNGS on-time events (x100) CNGS start: 18 june 2008 137 days of data taking ~10.5 million events acquired ~10100 events on time with CNGS 1700 neutrino interactions in the bricks The electronic detectors and the DAQ ran smoothly (99.96% efficiency for the target tracker during operation, loss of 2*1017 pot due to power cuts in LNGS) Lucia Votano

OPERA working chain 1. Trigger on event “on time” with CNGS and selection of the brick using electronic detectors information (brick finding algorithm) 2. Brick removed by BMS (brick manipulating system) 3. The emulsion interfaces (CS) are separated from the brick, developed and a connection with respect to the electronic predictions is searched for in one of the two Scanning Stations, located in Europe (LNGS) and in Japan (Nagoya) 4. If any track is found in the CS, the brick is exposed to X-rays beam and to cosmic rays for sheets alignment 5. The brick is disassembled and the emulsion films are developed and sent to one of the scanning labs 6. The selected scanning lab acquire the brick, looking for the particles previously found in the CS and follow them until the neutrino interaction is found 7. A volume scan around the neutrino interaction is performed and the neutrino vertex is confirmed 8. The scanning lab stores the information about the brick in a local database. Information are then copied in one of the two synchronized central databases 9. The events are reconstructed and analyzed off-line by accessing to the database Lucia Votano

Computing and DB Electronic detector data Emulsion data Central DBs Online analysis performed in HallB; Data are extracted twice a day: input for the brick finding; Once a week data are copied into the central DB Emulsion data Each scanning lab has its own local database; If a vertex is confirmed: data transferred into the the central DBs Central DBs We have two central DB: OPITA (located at the LNGS) and OPFRA (located at the CCIN2P3 in Lyon). The central DBs contain: electronic detectors data (including slow control data); brick production & handling (BAM, BMS, film development…); scanning data; event reconstruction Hardware and software: data storage and batch systems setup at the CCIN2P3 of Lyon Lucia Votano

OPERA DB Oracle-based OPERA DB system Analysis Follower BMS OPFRA Web service providing quick data access to summaries and reports Analysis Follower Two Central DB servers (OPITA & OPFRA) collect data from specific DBs BMS Napoli Roma Frascati Electronic DAQ OPFRA OPITA Emulsion Develop. Bern Bari Lyon Salerno Nagoya LNGS Bologna Padova Lucia Votano Robust, redundant system In case of hardware problems on either Central DB, the other can undertake the load of the failed machine

Emulsion scanning in OPERA State-of-art automated microscopes fast bi-dimensional image analysis real-time high precision 3D tracking XY stage (Micos) 0.1 μm nominal precision Z stage (Micos) 0.05 μm nominal precision Illumination system, objective (Oil 50× NA 0.85) and optical tube (Nikon) CMOS camera 1280×1024 pixel 256 gray levels 376 frames/sec (Mikrotron MC1310) Emulsion Plate The European Scanning System Scanning speed: 50 cm2/h/side average (72 cm²/h/side peak) custom parallel processing (FPGAs) Purity: 10 fake tracks / cm2 (slope < 0.4) Efficiency: 95% using tracks X axis is driven with continuous motion Custom CMOS camera 512×512 pixel 3000 frames/sec Piezoelectric fine drive for Z motion of lens Oil objective 35× NA 0.85 Mechanics based on Nikon microscope stages X/Y/Z nominal precision = 0.1mm The S-UTS (Japan) Scanning speed: 20 cm2/h/side (40 GB/day/microscope of raw data) Purity: 10 fake tracks / cm2 (slope < 0.5) Efficiency: up to 95% using tracks, ~100% using microtracks 0.3÷0.7 μm precision for recons. tracks

Some numbers on brick handling and analysis flow as Nov. 16th CS delivered to the Scanning Stations CS scanned CS with a positive results Only Europe

CSd measurement efficiency using muons 355 CSd analysed  352 events = 271 CC + 81 NC 213 developped bricks ~ 60% 45 NC 167 CC 124 with muon candidate 41 without muon candidate 74 ± 6% finding efficiency (80% expected) Independent estimate based on all tracks: e 74±4%  ebt 86% to find a track in a single emulsion film Recently ¾ microtracks method implemented: ebt 89±3% (this option not yet applied to the analysis shown in the following)

Estimate brick finding efficiency Having measured the efficiency of the CSd in measuring a single track: 74% Knowing that the #tracks/event is about 2 6.8% is the probability to miss the event in the CSd Knowing that 3.8% interactions are in dead material We can compute the brick finding efficiency: 67±5 (stat)% (MC predicts 72%) Next steps: Removal of the 2nd most probable brick (MC exp. 80%)

Vertex location breakdown by using a sub-sample of the measured events NC CC Bricks assigned 45 174 Bricks received by the labs 34 129 Scanning started 28 112 CS to brick connected 25 108 Vertices located in the brick 20 90 Passing through 5 Vertices in the dead material 1 2 Under analysis 7 15 Vertex location efficiency: Charged-current: 90/(112-5-2) = 86±12% (108-5-2)/(112-5-2) = 96±13% In the proposal we quoted 93% Neutral-current: 20/(28-1) = 74±18% (25-1)/(28-1) = 89±22% In the proposal we quoted 81%

Event gallery

Found a 3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion: 20

~20 GeV shower reconstructed

Backward going particle 22

Brick to brick connection Pasquale Migliozzi - XXX LNGS Committee - OPERA Status Report 23

Topological and kinematical analysis - first charm-like event kink=0.204 rad F.L.=3247.2m P=3.9+1.7-0.9 GeV PRELIMINARY Daughter momentum = 3.9 +1.7-0.9 kink = 0.204 rad Flight length = 3247 µm PT = 796 MeV PTMIN = 606 MeV (90% C.L.) kink e.m.shower The main background source is the hadron reinteraction The probability that a hadron reinteraction has a Pt larger than 600 MeV is 4x10-4

Topological and kinematical analysis - second charm-like event From a topological point of view the main sources of background are: Kaon decays: probability 10-4 Hadron reinteractions: probability 1x10-5 Further reduction from kinematical analysis. A first result is shown here below Only 4-5 plates available for momentum measurement. Brick to brick is in progress 25

First OPERA Brick measured @ LNF Emulsion Scanning lab Electronic-detectors muon track Vertex reconstruction in ECC µ µ

Momentum distribution of reconstructed muon track Data = 4999 MC = 5123. OpRec reconstructs the momentum of the track at the vertex, for internal events, or at the entrance of OPERA detector for external events. The events are selected requiring: on-time with CNGS minimum activity in the detector at least one OpRec track reconstructed muID Fit: 3.4 ± 0.05 degree Pasquale Migliozzi - XXX LNGS Committee - OPERA Status Report 27

OPERA EXECUTIVE SCHEME Spokesperson: A. Ereditato Deputy Spokesperson: K. Niwa Spokesperson Office: Composition: Two Vice-Spokespersons + 1 member (all appointed by the SP) Task: assist the SP in the executive management of the Collaboration. Members of the EB. Composition: P. Migliozzi (Vice-SP), F. Terranova (Vice-SP), M. Nakamura (NOTE: there is the proposal to appoint Deputy Spokespersons the two Vice-Spokesperson) Executive Committee: Technical Coordinator + Deputy: M. Spinetti + M. Nakamura Physics Coordinator +Deputy: D. Autiero + S. Dusini Scanning Coordinator + Deputy: G. De Lellis + O. Sato Resource Coordinator: L. Votano Detector Operation & Maintenance Coordinator: A. Paoloni Data Acquisition Coordinator: J. Marteau Brick Manipulation Coordinator: D. Duchesneau Emulsion Development Coordinator: C. Sirignano CNGS Neutrino Beam Coordinator: D. Autiero (pro tempore) Data Base Coordinator: C. Bozza Observer from the Collaboration Board: Y. Gornushkin 28 28

Conclusions The OPERA detector and its infrastructures successfully operated during 2008 CNGS run Partial recovery of the beam after a rather problematic start: 1.782x1019 instead of 2.2x1019pot (80% of the expectations) About 1700 events in the bricks: < 1  but extremely valuable sample to fine tune OPERA analysis and to estimate efficiencies and background 2009 CNGS run aim is to at least double the integrated intensity and collect the first  candidate

Brick handling chain 30

OPERA DB DB-based Analysis Follower: Quasi on-line reporting on brick/event lifetime Brick/event history Event location feedback This WEB interface allows a direct and simple access to database contents to everybody Lucia Votano

Emulsion development CS and brick development smoothly running since July Extended single shift mode: 11 h/d Mon-Frid. 8 people shift team (2 OPERA shifters, 6 operators). Average load: 30 CS doublets and 20 bricks per day The development activity was able to follow the increase of the CSd scanning rate Still room for improvement Pasquale Migliozzi - XXX LNGS Committee - OPERA Status Report 32

Lucia Votano