Renovation: Preventing Corruption within Security Forces

National Integrity System Institutional pillars Horizontal accountability Political will

Institutional Pillars Elected legislature Role of executive Independent judicial system Local governments Private corporate sector

Elected Legislature Scrutiny, accountability, and monitoring Role of political parties Free debate Practices and procedures Public transparency Sovereign will of the people expressed through their chosen representatives

Role of Executive Leads in building, maintaining, and respecting national integrity system Ensures its own actions are lawful, transparent, and fully accountable Maintains proper and effective relations with the legislative and judicial entities Establishes a viable and proper interrelationship with the civil service

Independent Judicial System Absolutism of the rule of law Enforcement of decision Fair appointments Control of their own administration Clear codes of conduct Proper removal and disciplinary measures Secure and fair tenure of office and remuneration procedures A sound prosecutorial system “A primary indicator that corruption is spiraling Out of control is a dysfunctional judicial system.”

Local Government Democratically accountable Subject to independent audits and checks Transparent Open dialog with populace

Private Sector Social accountability Codes of conduct clear and well-publicized Bribery avoidance Developed ethical standards

Horizontal Accountability Ombudsman Auditor general Independent anti-corruption agencies International actors and mechanisms Criminal and civil law

Ombudsman Adequate budget and staffing Non-partisan staffing Protected from arbitrary removal or censure Executive respects and acts on recommendations Easily accessible Complaints can be received with anonymity An office which independently receives and investigates allegations of mal administration

Auditor General Independent and constitutional Audits government’s incomes and expenditures Ensures executive complies with wishes of legislature Promotes efficiency and cost effectiveness Pro-actively pursues action on findings

Independent Anti-Corruption Agencies Success requires: Committed political backing Adequate mission resources Political and operational independence to investigate at all levels Adequate powers to access documentation and witness questioning Friendly laws Leadership perceived as being of highest integrity Typical actions: Monitoring assets and incomes of decision-makers Freezing assets Investigation of corruption in procurement Scrutiny of foreign companies Public hearings When existing mechanisms fail or are seriously Weakened, extraordinary organizations are needed

International Actors and Mechanisms Mutual legal assistance with relevant countries Proper medium for dialog with foreign counterparts OECD conventions (anti-bribery) Criminalization and legal investigation International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) Donor agencies – aid flow Police cooperation – Interpol Red notices and extradition

Criminal and Civil Law National level Laws with deterrent and enforceable provisions on Bribery Officials Legislators (domestic and foreign) Private sector Trading of influence Money laundering Judiciary Defined jurisdiction over nationals and relevant foreigners Insuring access to a fair trial; not overly repressive, and consistent with global norms Civil legal redress readily available as a remedy

Criminal and Civil Law (cont.) International level Cooperation Collaboration Extradition

Political Will Public dialog Demonstrated “effective” public service Free and independent media Civil society Free and fair elections Containment of cronyism and nepotism

Public Dialog Two-way communication Transparency Consensus standards Clearly stated national objectives

Public Service Sense of service De-politicization of civil service and military Codes of conduct Integrity testing Monitoring of assets of public servants

Free and Independent Media Watch dog function Investigative aim of the body politic Wide latitude and freedom of mission Primarily relies on “self-censorship” rather than government-imposed Unrestricted access to out-of-country news and news services National frontiers completely open to foreign journalists The people’s voice

Civil Society A counterpoise to government A definer of national ethos Incorporates components of a nation Legal profession Accounting / auditing Medical Educators Intellectuals Labor unions NGOs A triangular relationship exists between government, capital, and civil society

Free and Fair Elections Provides legitimacy to governance Instills confidence in populace Provides credibility to externally-involved players

Containment of Cronyism and Nepotism Build a consensus among populace as “stakeholders” Leads toward a meritocracy Encourages external participation and investment Facilitates transparency

Workshop Institutional Pillars: Assign a level of priority to each area, with 1 being most important, 2 being of lesser importance, and 3 being least important Elected Legislature Role of Executive Independent Judicial System Local Governments Private Corporate Sector Horizontal Accountability: Ombudsman Auditor General Independent Anti-Corruption Agencies International Actors and Mechanisms Criminal and Civil Law Political Will: Public Dialog Demonstrated “Effective” Public Service Free and Independent Media Civil Society Free and Fair Elections Containment of Cronyism and Nepotism