Objective: to be able to create punnett squares and predict probabilities of the outcome 11.2

Probability Probability: how likely it is for something to happen Ex: coin flip= 1 out of every 2 flips should be heads=1/2 or 50% If a coin is flipped 3 times how likely is it to be heads every time? 1/2x1/2x1/2= 1/8

Punnett Square Probability can be used to predict outcome of genetic crosses Punnett Squares= used to predict The parents are on the top and side of the punnett square and the offspring are in the middle of the punnett square.

One parent T= tall t= short T t TT Tt tt T t One parent

Homozygous: both alleles are the same TT or tt Heterozygous: both alleles are different Tt Phenotype: what the trait appears the be (tall or short) Genotype: what the alleles are (TT, Tt, tt)

When you cross 2 heterozygous organisms: you always get ¼ TT, ½ Tt, and ¼ tt. Probabilities are more accurate the more organisms you are comparing Ex: coin flipping is going to be 1/2 , but you are more likely to see this the more coins you flip.