Introduction to Financial Statements Chapter 1 Introduction to Financial Statements
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Users of Accounting Information External Users Primarily investors and creditors But also, government agencies, labor unions and others Internal Users Users within the business, such as managers
Accounting Equation Assets=Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity Assets are economic resources Liabilities are creditor’s claims to assets Stockholders’ equity represents stockholders’ claims to assets
Two Types of SE Accounts Contributed capital—owners’ investments Retained earnings—earnings generated by the business
4 Financial Statements Income statement. Revenues-expenses=net income. Over a period of time. Retained earnings statement. BRE + NI – Dividend=ERE. Remember dividends are not an expense used to generate revenue so don’t belong. on income statement. Over a period of time. Balance sheet. Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity. At a point in time. Statement of Cash Flows. Cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities. Over a period of time
Income Statement
Retained Earnings Statement
Balance Sheet
Statement of Cash Flows
Statement of Cash Flows
Interrelationships of Statements Net income on IS; goes to SRE, and is added to beginning retained earnings Ending retained earnings on the SRE will also appear on the balance sheet as a component of Stockholders’ Equity On comparative balance sheets, the difference between the cash balances is explained by the statement of cash flows
Annual Report Contains audited financial statements, notes to the financial statements. Notes are important, contain description of significant accounting policies, and also more detail Also contains management discussion and analysis
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Review Question Which of the following financial statements is prepared as of a specific date? Balance sheet. Income statement. Retained earnings statement. Statement of cash flows. LO 3
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Review Question Net income will result during a time period when: assets exceed liabilities. assets exceed revenues. expenses exceed revenues. revenues exceed expenses. LO 3