The Executive Cabinet & Depts by Aye Student

Federal Executive Branch The President is in charge of the executive branch and appoints advisors to help him oversee and operate the government departments which are sub-areas of the branch. Each department has its own headquarters and budget.

The Cabinet The group of advisors is known as the President’s “Cabinet”. Each Cabinet member called a “Secretary“ is in charge of a department.

The Federal Bureaucracy The executive branch consists of a network of the departments and thousands of agencies overseen by the President. Together they make up most of the Government’s actions and budget. Herein we review the most significant ones.

Bureaucracy Bureaucracy is usually used as a negative reference to any government, but can also apply to organizations in the private sector –meaning not governmental. It can be defined then, as, a organization with too many levels or parts that don’t communicate well with each other and become self-important to themselves.

Public Sector Employment Each department employs thousands of people nationwide working in smaller agencies under them such as bureaus, commissions, offices, or administrations. A civil servant or public servant is a civilian public sector employee working for a government department or agency.

Origins of the Cabinet The Cabinet is not specifically in the Constitution, but the dept heads are referenced in Article 2 of the Constitution. President James Madison gave it the label “Cabinet”. The first Congress created the Depts of State, Treasury, War and the Post Office. War was later re-named and the P.O. was downgraded.

Today there are 15 Departments of the Federal Executive Branch Earth Related Depts Energy Agriculture Interior Transportation Depts Related to Borders State Defense Homeland Security Depts for Citizens Justice Education Health & Human Services Veterans Affairs Economic Related Depts Treasury Commerce Labor Housing & Urban Develop.

Dept. of Energy (1977) *Nuclear Regulatory Agency Promotes national energy security by encouraging the development of reliable, clean, and affordable energy. *Nuclear Regulatory Agency *NASA –National Aeronautics and Space Administration (works with) *Federal Emergency Management System

Dept. of Agriculture (1889) Develops and executes policy on farming, agriculture, and food. *Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service *Food and Nutrition Service *Forest Service. *Farm Service Agency

Dept. of the Interior (1849) *Bureau of Indian Affairs Protects and conserves the nation’s natural resources including the national parks, endangered species and water reservoirs while honoring our responsibilities to Native communities. *Bureau of Indian Affairs *Bureau of Land Management *U.S. Geological Survey. *Minerals Management Service

Dept. of Transportation (1966) Secures a fast, safe, efficient, accessible and convenient transportation system by land, sea, and air for all 50 states. *Federal Aviation Administration *National Highway Traffic Safety Administration *Maritime Administration. *National Railroad Administration

Dept. of State (1789) *United Nations *Foreign Embassies Develops and implements the foreign policy, represents the U.S. abroad, maintains diplomacy, secures foreign assistance and aid, and helps American citizens traveling and living outside the country. *United Nations *Foreign Embassies *Bureau of Counterterrorism *CIA –Central Intelligence Agency (works with)

Dept. of Defense (1789) *US Army & National Guard *US Navy Originally two depts. –War and Navy. Provides the military forces needed to deter war, protect the security of the country, and provide disaster relief. Headquarters is at the Pentagon. Most expensive dept. *US Army & National Guard *US Navy *US Air Force *NSA- National Security Agency

Dept. of Homeland Security (2002) Prevents and responds to terrorist attacks and natural disasters, protect the nation’s borders, and oversees immigration. The 3rd largest department was organized after the 9/11 attacks in 2001 consolidating 22 agencies. *Immigration & Naturalization Service *US Customs *FEMA-Federal Emergency Management Agency *Coast Guard

Dept. of Justice (1870) *FBI –Federal Bureau of Investigation In charge of law enforcement, ensuring public safety, crime prevention and punishment. Secretary is called the Attorney General instead and is the chief legal counsel for the nation. *FBI –Federal Bureau of Investigation *Bureau of Prisons *ATF –Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco & Firearms *US Marshall’s Office

Dept. of Education (1979) *Office of Federal Student Aid Promotes student achievement and preparation for competition in a global economy, ensures educational equity and access, oversees financial aid programs, collects data, and promotes instructional improvement. *Office of Federal Student Aid *National Center for Educational Statistics *Office of Special Education Programs

Dept. of Health & Human Services (1953) Conducts health and social science research, work to prevent disease outbreaks, assure food and drug safety, and administers Medicare and Medicaid. *National Institute of Health *FDA –Food & Drug Administration *Office of Surgeon General *CDC –Center for Disease Control

Dept. of Veteran Affairs (1989) Administers health, retirement, employment, educational and homeowner benefit programs for war veterans, their families and their survivors –nearly ¼ of Americans are elgible. Has one of the largest budgets. *Veterans Health Administration *Veterans Benefits Administration *National Cemetery Administration

Dept. of the Treasury (1789) *Internal Revenue Service (IRS) *US Mint Operates and maintains the nation's financial infrastructure, such as the production of coin and currency, the collection of taxes, and the borrowing of funds necessary to run the government. *Internal Revenue Service (IRS) *US Mint *Federal Reserve *FDIC –Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

Dept. of Commerce (1903) *Federal Trade Commission Supports business and industry by issuing patents and trademarks, ensuring the effective use of scientific and technical resources, and promotes U.S. exports with international trade agreements. *Federal Trade Commission *Patent & Trademark Office *Census Bureau *National Weather Service (Yeah, we don’t get it either)

Dept. of Labor (1913) *Occupational Safety and Health Administration Oversees programs for ensuring a strong workforce including safe working conditions, retirement, unemployment, discrimination, wage standards, and collective bargaining. *Occupational Safety and Health Administration *Bureau of Labor Statistics *Employment and Training Administration *Office of Labor-Management Standards

Dept. of Housing & Urban Development (1965) Responsible for policies and programs that address housing needs, that improve and develop the nation's communities, assist with housing loans, and that enforce fair housing laws. HUD for short. *FHA –Federal Housing Administration *Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity *Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae)

Other Independent Agencies (not assigned to a dept) NEA-National Endowment for the Arts FCC-Federal Communications Commission SEC-Securities and Exchange Commission Smithsonian Institution US Postal Service and many more …..

State Executives Depts County & City Depts Other Gov’t Levels Have Similar Depts; But Some Dept Heads are Elected Separately State Executives Depts Health Dept. Transportation Housing Treasury Environmental Justice (Attorney General) Insurance Commissioner Commerce & Labor Education County & City Depts Treasury City & District Attorney, Sheriff (Justice) Health Depts Transportation Depts Housing Authority Business Development Education is a state function. It’s small at federal level and very large at state level.

The Current Cabinet of President Obama Department of the Treasury Secretary Jack Lew treasury.gov dot.gov   Department of Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz energy.gov   Department of Education Secretary John King ed.gov   Department of Veterans Affairs Secretary Robert McDonald va.gov   Department of Homeland Security Secretary Jeh Johnson dhs.gov Department of State Secretary John Kerry state.gov Department of Defense Secretary Ashton Carter defense.gov Department of Labor Secretary Thomas E. Perez dol.gov Department of Justice Attorney General Loretta E. Lynch usdoj.gov Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Sylvia Mathews Burwell hhs.gov   Department of Housing and Urban Development Secretary Julián Castro hud.gov   Department of Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx Department of the Interior Secretary Sally Jewell doi.gov   Department of Agriculture Secretary Thomas J. Vilsack usda.gov   Department of Commerce Secretary Penny Pritzker commerce.gov

Other Cabinet Level Officers of Pres. Obama White House Chief of Staff Denis McDonough Council of Economic Advisers Chairman Jason Furman whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/cea   Small Business Administration Administrator Maria Contreras-Sweet sba.gov Office of Management & Budget Director Shaun L.S. Donovan whitehouse.gov/omb United States Trade Representative Ambassador Michael Froman ustr.gov Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Gina McCarthy epa.gov United States Mission to the United Nations Ambassador Samantha Power usun.state.gov

Connections 12.4.4 California Standards for HS Government Discuss Article II of the Constitution as it relates to the executive branch, including eligibility for office and length of term, election to and removal from office, the oath of office, and the enumerated executive powers. Chapter 15 MacGruder’s American Government Federal Bureaucracy, Office of the President, Executive Departments, Independent Agencies, Civil Service

Internet Sources THE CONSTITUTION AND THE PRESIDENT’S CABINET, December 20, 2016 by Chris Calabrese https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/the-constitution-and-the-presidents-cabinet WHITEHOUSE.GOV Obama’s Cabinet WIKIPEDIA (Dates) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_federal_executive_departments OTHER GOV’T LEVELS ca.gov lacounty.gov lacity.org IMAGES From Bing –rights of Creative Commons