Sound and music Contents: Sound 101 Beats Overtones and music.

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Beats and Music Contents: Beats Overtones and music.

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Sound and music Contents: Sound 101 Beats Overtones and music

Sound 101 Speed of sound in air at sea level: v = (331 + .60T) m/s, T = temperature in oC Speeds of sound at 20 oC and 1 ATM: Air 343 m/s Helium 1005 m/s Water 1440 m/s Steel 5000 m/s Sound underwater - Leonard Natatorium Sound in bones Demo -The finger bells Demo – Sound in Vaccuum TOC

Sound is longitudinal waves in matter: We can hear 20 Hz - 20,000 Hz (demo) Most sound is more than one frequency (demo fft) Show harmonics with whistle/guitar TOC

Speed of sound in air at sea level: v = (331 + .60T) m/s, T = temperature in oC Example 1 - what is the temperature if v = 321 m/s 321 m/s = (331 + .60T) -10 = .60T T = -16.666 = -17 oC

Speeds of sound at 20 oC and 1 ATM: Air 343 m/s Helium 1005 m/s Water 1440 m/s Steel 5000 m/s Example 2 - You hear the sound of an explosion through the water 1.42 seconds before you hear it in the air. How far away? (20 oC, 1 atm) v = s/t, t = s/v so s - s = 1.42 s 343 1440 s = 1.42/(1/343-1/1440) = 639.3 = 639 m

Speed of sound 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 TOC

What is the speed of sound in air at 80 oC? v = (331 + .60T) m/s v = 331 + .60(80) = 379 m/s W 379 m/s

At what temperature in Celsius is the speed of sound 318 m/s? v = (331 + .60T) m/s 318 = 331 + .60T T = -21.7 oC W -21.7 oC

An explosion occurs in a boat 512 m away An explosion occurs in a boat 512 m away. You hear the sound through the water (v = 1440 m/s) how much before you hear it in the air? (v = 343 m/s) (find the difference in propagation times) v = s/t, t = s/v tair = (512 m)/(343 m/s) = 1.4927 s twater = (512 m)/(1440 m/s) = .3556 s difference = 1.4927 s - .3556 s = 1.14 s W 1.14 s

difference = s/(343 m/s) - s/(1720 m/s) = .175 sec The speed of sound through a certain type of concrete is 1720 m/s, and 343 m/s through air. When someone hits the ground with a sledge hammer, you hear the sound in the concrete .175 s before you hear it in the air. How far away is the point of impact? v = s/t, t = s/v tair = s/(343 m/s) twater = s/(1720 m/s) difference = s/(343 m/s) - s/(1720 m/s) = .175 sec s = 74.97 m = 75.0 m W 75.0 m