Today’s Goals… Lecture Review Simplicius Simplicissimus (Group Discussion and Presentation - Ongoing) Intertextuality/ Discussion of Translation / Group Share Goericke Account of the Sack of Magdeburg Visual Representations of the Sack of Magdeburg Grimmelshausen Gryphius

The Theater of War - Showings Screenings of Theater of War, dir. John Walter (2008)

Review of specific kinds of irony Irony: Saying one thing and meaning another or doing another. It is also a discrepancy between what is expected and what happens (unlike a coincidence). Verbal Irony: Using words that convey something quite different from the literal meaning of the words. Situational Irony: Contrast between what you expect to happen in a given situation and what actually happens. Dramatic Irony: Readers know more than the characters (heightens or changes the meaning of words or situations)

Irony can participate in Sarcasm Sarcasm: Being critical of individual, group, institution, etc. through mean-spirited humor (just kidding - not really) Offering praise when really trying to insult (ironic) Sarcasm generally occurs with malicious intent. Sometimes sarcasm is delivered as a mocking or ironic comment.

Simplicius Group Work Group 1: Book 1 Ch 15 (natural law, trees of estate) Group 2: Book 1 Ch 12 (wilderness as metaphor, state of nature) Group 3: Book 1 Ch 3 (bagpipe/wolf - allegory, “foreign” references) Group 4: Book 1 Ch 30 (intoxication, Christian banquet, reason) Group 5: Book 2 Ch 4 (name as allegory, service to the “Crown”) Group 6: Book 2 Ch 15 (Military life, the foreign – “other”) Group 7: Book 2 Ch 17 (Witches as allegory?) To what extent is Simp. attempting to become master of self? What is satirized/allegorized & why? (Nobility, War, Religion, …) Social commentary or criticism, didactic intent, or…?

Translation According to the Writer’s Handbook, translation means to “carry something across different languages” (21). It is an interpretive process that must account for (in part): Language in a specific context, choosing between synonyms and idiomatic expressions We also know that sometimes a translator makes a choice to omit details from or to make additions to the original to remain true to form OR content but not always both These choices lead to changes to or differences in meaning

5 Minute Group Question In small groups identify at least 5 specific translation choices made in the Iliad and in the Grimmelshausen text, and discuss how these choices impact or shape meaning in these texts. How do these choices “mediate”? According to Professor Newman, what are some translation choices made by Tony Kushner? How do these decisions change or add meaning to Mother Courage?

Intertextuality (from latin intertexto) means to intermingle or to weave together. We can understand intertextuality as occurring when one text references another text or genre or tradition. It also occurs when two or more texts are in dialogue with one another so that one text’s meaning is shaped or challenged or problematized by another.

The first publication of von Guericke's account ("from the manuscript") in 1860 contained the following introduction by the editor. What impact does this endorsement have? Can this short text be understood as an intertext? I want to give the reader, at the close of this preface, still another word of recommendation for this little book which I hereby place in his hands, I consider thoroughly unnecessary. Guericke was an eyewitness of the events that he depicts; he was, by virtue of his official position as councilor and Bauherr of the city, very precisely informed about the events and, moreover, a man of such acknowledged honorableness that any intentional distortion of the truth in his story in the slightest is out of the question.

Blog 3 Due by Sunday, 8th by midnight (50 pts WP) Blog about what story of the Thirty Years' War is re-presented in the two translations of the Goericke "witness" account we read and discussed in class. In your blog consider how the choices made by the translations "mediate" this event (perhaps similarly to an extent or differently in other ways).  What kinds of insight into the effects or "costs" (literal/figurative) of the Thirty Years' War are underscored or revealed through translation choices (remember that translation choices include omission of details)?  How does each translation position Guericke differently (in terms of his stakes in witnessing the event)? Note: Do some research and look at or read other accounts or depictions of the Thirty Years' war and include reference to these in your blog.  As always, you are encouraged to incorporate visual imagery or video and hyperlinks into your blogs as is appropriate to conveying your intended message.

Group Discussion and Presentation Group 1: Look at the two translations of the Gryphius Sonnet in the CR. Group 2: Look at the two translations of the Goericke witness account. In your discussion be sure to think about what some of his contexts are for offering this witness account (What is at stake for him economically, for his position in society? What role might self-interest play?) Group 3: Look at the“Sack of Magdeburg 1631” by Johann Phillip Abelin, 1654. How does this visual text enter into a dialogue with or invoke Goericke’s witness account? Group 4: Given the “witness” account of a specific event, how does Simplicius Simplicissimus “perform” or “mediate” a similar or different story of war? In what ways do these texts enter into a dialogue with one another? Group 5: Given the “witness” account of a specific event, how does the poetry by Andreas Gryphius “perform” or “mediate” a similar or different story of war?

Lecture Review Questions What does it mean that Brecht’s Epic Theater seeks to denaturalize war? How does epic theater accomplish this? What 4 fatal virtues does Professor Jane discuss in lecture? How do they function in the play and how are they designed to help teach the audience? Why do individual virtuous acts in the play seem meaningless? How does Brecht present himself to the HUAC? Why? Explain what it means that the conditions of determination were different for the 1941 and 1949 audiences of the play? What does Professor Jane mean by a military industrial complex? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8y06NSBBRtY January 17, 1961 (President Dwight D Eisenhower)

Brecht Scene Analysis (Group 1 – Scene 1, etc. ) (Adapted from Dr Brecht Scene Analysis (Group 1 – Scene 1, etc.) (Adapted from Dr. Fogli) Identify and explain references to economic conditions in a time of war? How does a scene reflect how characters sell their labor (self-interest, costs of war, ironized)? How does Brecht “stage” or “perform” war or the experience of war using theatrical details? Allusions to the 30 Yrs War? Is this scene a representation of a particular virtue (compassion, empathy, courage)? How does self-interest operate in the context of the business of war or in the context of transactions or interactions between individuals in the scene? As Brecht’s characters are undoubtedly aware of the truth of war they are, ironically, “ensnared, even crushed by it all the same” (Newman) How does irony or other Brechtian features operate in the scene to challenge us, as audience, to think and react? Identify specifics from the text(read a line of text, point to stage direction, etc.) and then explain HOW that “evidence” shows your claims?