Flashcards for Major Concepts Consciousness From Abstract Concept to Concrete Social and Emotional Change Flashcards for Major Concepts

Q1 What is the first consideration in starting any research project?

A1 The first step to any research project is to operationally define the constructs that you wish to study.

Q2 What are the five considerations of the nature of consciousness that are important when creating a definition of consciousness?

A2 Consciousness is a personal experience Consciousness is a process of being Consciousness is not directly observable by anyone else Consciousness has a me-ness to it Consciousness is more or less continuous

Q3 What are the two areas of consciousness research?

A3 The two areas of consciousness research are content consciousness and phenomenal consciousness

Q4 What branch of consciousness research asks questions regarding the “what” of consciousness?

A4 Content Consciousness

Q5 What branch of consciousness research asks questions regarding the “what is it like” of consciousness?

A5 Phenomenal consciousness

Q6 A content consciousness researcher who subscribes to the belief that there are multiple channels of consciousness with each channel handling it’s own task.

A6 Daniel Dennett

Q7 What field of science conceptualizes consciousness as a set of action potentials in the communication among neurons which produce our specific perceptions, memories, and experience of our own awareness.

A7 Neuroscience

Q8 A person’s awareness of everything that is going on internally and around him/her at any given moment, which is used to organize behavior.

A8 Consciousness (general definition)

Q9 The state in which thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clearly organized and the person feels alert.

A9 Waking consciousness

Q10 The state in which there is a shift in the quality or pattern of mental activity as compared to waking consciousness

A10 Altered consciosuness

Q11 The three theoretical perspectives of altered consciousness.

A11 State Theories Role Theories Trait Theories

Q12 Theory of altered consciousness where it is believed that the source of the alteration of consciousness is due to an underlying change in the functioning of the brain.

A12 State Theory of Altered Consciousness

Q13 Theory of altered consciousness where it is believed that there is no underlying change in the functioning of the brain but instead individuals are acting according to a social contract of behavior.

A13 Role theory of altered consciousness

Q14 A theoretical viewpoint of altered consciousness that purports that there are individual differences that determine greater or lesser abilities to enter an altered consciousness.

A14 Trait Theories

Q15 Barber and Calverley researched how this construct influenced responsiveness to hypnotic suggestion.

A15 motivation

Q16 The ability to temporarily suspend the critical voice of the ego so that individuals feel less judgmental of themselves and others

A16 Ego transcendence

Q17 While experiencing an alteration from waking consciousness participants reported having a part of themselves that continued to be aware of everything going on. This part is called…

A17 The Hidden Observer

Q18 Researcher who discovered the hidden observer during hypnosis experiments utilizing hypnosis as anesthesia to the pain of submerging participants arms in ice water.

A18 Ernest Hilgard

Q19 Theorist who disagreed with Hilgard’s view of the hidden observer as evidence of a state change in individuals while under hypnosis.

A19 Nicholas Spanos

Q20 How did Spanos explain the hidden observer?

A20 Spanos believed the hidden observer was a role played by hypnosis participants because the researcher suggested this role during the directions for the hypnosis.

Q21 What is the essence of the mind/body problem of consciousness?

A21 Consciousness cannot be both ethereal and material at the same time.

Q22 The nickname given to the mind/body problem. This nickname is also the name of a popular children’s cartoon.

A22 Casper’s Dilemma

Q23 Historical philosopher and mathematician associated with dualism.

A23 Rene Descartes

Q24 Where did Descartes believe was the seat of the soul?

A24 The pineal gland

Q25 Prior to Descartes, what was believed to be the function of the soul?

A25 The soul was believed to be the source of heat, life, and movement.

Q26 The discover of Descartes as a result of his dissections.

A26 Reflex or reflex arc

Q27 Did Descartes believe animals had souls?

A27 no

Q28 What one function did Descartes attribute to the soul.

A28 Thought which he defined as conscious deliberation and judgment.

Q29 Functions of the pineal gland

A29 Secretion of melatonin Regulation of endocrine functions (hormones) Conversion of nervous system signals to endocrine signals Causes feelings of sleepiness (melatonin) Influences the timing of the development of the sexual organs

Q30 The historical contemplation of consciousness that suggested consciousness was created by the physical brain, unable to control the physical body, and observed the control of the physical body through other physical mechanisms.

A30 epiphenomenalism

Q31 Historical figure who suggested epiphenomenalism to explain consciousness

A31 Thomas Henry Huxley

Q32 Researcher who coined the phrase “the Hard Problem” of consciousnes

A32 David Chalmers

Q33 Researcher who coined the term “The explanatory gap”.

A33 Joseph Levine

Q34 The difficulty of science to explain how a physical system can give rise to a subjective experience is called the…

A34 Hard problem of consciousness

Q35 The problem in science that even if we have a natural law to explain the components of consciousness that we are still unable to explain the leap to awareness through consciounsess…

A35 The explanatory gap

Q36 What is the unique viewpoint of consciousness in Eastern Philosophy?

A36 Consciousness creates physical reality

Q37 The neuroscientist who studied how receptors for neurotransmitters interacted with neurotransmitters in the body.

A37 Candace Pert

Q38 The second most plentiful site of receptors for serotonin is…

A38 The stomach

Q39 Movement that is initiated from an internal physical or emotional feeling…

A39 Authentic movement