The Resources of Argument Chapter 5 (Second Half)

Types of Arguments

1. Enthymeme An abbreviated argument 1. Enthymeme An abbreviated argument. The audience completes the argument without the speaker spelling out all the details. Link to examples: examples from Wikipedia

2. Induction/Deduction In an inductive argument, the speaker gives details which gradually build to a claim. In a deductive argument, the speaker starts with the claim and then provides the details.

3. Causal Establishes a necessary cause and effect relationship.

4. Analogy Compares two phenomena in order to evaluate or dramatize a point.

Dimensions of Rhetorical Action Purpose. Instrumental Dimensions of Rhetorical Action Purpose Instrumental...Consummatory Argument Justifcatory...Ritualistic Structure Logical...Associative Language Literal...Figurative Evidence Factual…Psychological

Instrumental-Consummatory Something instrumental functions as a tool; it is a means to an end. Example: Arguing about a traffic citation in court.

Something consumatory is its own reason for being Something consumatory is its own reason for being. Example: Singing in the shower.

Justificatory-Ritualistic An act that is jusificatory gives reasons; it explains why something is good, or true, desirable. Ritual is a prescribed form or act (as in a ceremony). Rituals are often nonverbal and don't need to be explained.

Logical-Associative Logical relationships express cause and effect Logical-Associative Logical relationships express cause and effect. Associative relationships exist because of being placed near each other.

Logical-Figurative Literal language is factual and is used to describe the world. Figurative language is poetic and reveals more about the person who uses it.

Factual-Psychological Factual evidence can be physically verified Factual-Psychological Factual evidence can be physically verified. Psychological, evidence can be nonfactual, but pander to our predjudices...telling us what we want to hear rather than what is true.

Strategies of Proof Strategies of Proof Table

Argumentative Fallacies Argumentative Fallacies Table