Satellite-derived global scale biomass burning products ACCENT/GEIA workshop – Paris – 19-20 April 2005 Jean-Marie Grégoire

Helicopter view - Australia SPOT-VGT 1 km resolution – RCA Sudan border - ~ 500 km x 500 km

NOAA-AVHRR ( ~ 2 pm ) SPOT-VEGETATION ( ~ 10 am ) Northern Australia June 1999

2 Nov. 1999 7 Nov. 1999 12 Nov. 1999 Fire product Detection Progression Quantification Active fire 2 1 ~ 0 Burnt area 5 4 3 2 Nov. 1999 7 Nov. 1999 12 Nov. 1999 SPOT-VGT ; Sudan ; Sud Darfour (Buram) ; ~ 400x400 km

Global scale fire products derived from EO systems Existing Under development Active Fires (“hot spots”) IGBP-JRC Global Fire Product (GFP) ESA World Fire Atlas (WFA) TRMM NASA MODIS Active Fire Burnt Areas JRC et al., Global Burnt Area 2000 (GBA2000) ESA GLOBSCAR Active Fires (“hot spots”) ESA et al., GLOBCARBON Burnt Areas JRC et al., VGT4Africa JRC et al., GEOLAND

Satellite derived global fire products Product name EO system product type Resolution sensor product Time step sensor Coverage Period Source Documentation TRMM TRMM-VIRS fire (day & night) 2.2 km 0.5 degree day month +/- 40° (from equator) Jan. 98 to mid-04 NASA Giglio et. al. 2000, IJRS(21) http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Observatory/Datasets/fires.trmm.html WFA ERS-ATSR,AATSR ENVISAT-AATSR fire (night) 1 km Globe July 1996 to now ESA http://shark1.esrin.esa.it/ionia/FIRE/AF/ATSR/ IGBP-GFP NOAA-AVHRR fire (day) day & 10-day April 1992 to December 1993 JRC Dwyer et al., 1999, J. Biogeography (27) From May 1st: http://www-gvm.jrc.it/tem/ MODIS Active Fire AQUA,TERRA-MODIS 250 m lat long position ~ 2001 MODIS team http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/

Densité des feux dans la zone inter-tropicale durant l’année 1998 source: TRMM ((Tropical Rainfall Mapping Mission)

Satellite derived global burnt area products Product name EO system product type Resolution sensor product Time step Coverage Period Source Documentation GBA2000 SPOT-VGT burnt area 1 km 1 km2 day month Globe Nov. 99 to Dec. 00 JRC Tansey et al., 2004, JGR(109) & Climatic Change (67) http://www-gvm.jrc.it/fire/gba2000/index.htm GLOBSCAR ERS-AATSR 2000 ESA Simon et al., 2004, JGR(109) http://shark1.esrin.esa.it/ionia/FIRE/BS/ATSR/ GBA1982-1999 NOAA-AVHRR 5 km 8 km2 week 1982 to 1999 Carmona-Moreno et al., 2005, Global Change Biology (in press)

Area burnt globally in 2000 and seasonal distribution: the GBA2000 product source: Tansey et al., 2004, Climatic Change, 67

Satellite derived fire products: under development Product name EO system product type Resolution sensor product Time step Coverage Period Source Documentation GLOBCARBON ERS, ENVISAT, SPOT-ATSR,AATSR,VGT fire (day & night) burnt area 1 km ??? day month Globe 1998-2003 ESA http://dup.esrin.esa.it/projects/summaryp43.asp VGT4Africa SPOT-VGT 1 km2 10 days Africa from 2005 JRC from May 1st: http://www-gvm.jrc.it/tem/ GEOLAND = GLOBCARBON Africa & Eurasia

Inter-comparison of global fire products: World Fire Atlas (WFA) GLOBSCAR GBA2000 Boschetti et al., 2004 Geophy. Res. Letters Vol. 31

Total annual burned area estimated at  3.5 million km2 > 600,000 burn scars detected

Seasonal distribution of burning activity in Africa Total annual burned area estimated at  2.6 million km2 > 300,000 burn scars detected Seasonal distribution of burning activity in Africa for the Year 2000

Global scale land cover products derived from EO systems Existing Under development Land cover IGBP-DIS … University of Maryland … JRC et al., Global Land Cover 2000 (GLC2000) Land cover ESA et al., GLOBCOVER-v1 JRC-ESA, GLOBCOVER-v2 NASA MODIS

M (…) = Area . Biomass . Burning efficiency. Emission factor Globe: ~ 400 millions hectares burnt in 2000 Med. Basin: ~ 500000 hectares Dry tropical grass savanna: ~ 2 tons/hectare Moist tropical savanna: ~ 10 tons/hectare Boreal forest: ~ 20 tons/hectare Moist tropical forest: ~ 40 tons/hectare ~ 25% forest -- ~ 80% savanna Woodland & forests ~ 1600 g CO2 / kg biomass Grasslands ~ 1700 g CO2 / kg biomass Fuel: T. ha-1 ???? “pixels” burnt per vegetation type Area burnt per vegetation type: ha