The Body’s Physical Systems CHAPTER 2 The Body’s Physical Systems
The Nervous System Neurophysiology. The Neuron. Anatomy. Electro-chemical activity. Neurotransmitter. Neuroanatomy. The Central Nervous System. The Forebrain. Cerebrum (cognition); Limbic System (emotion) The Cerebellum. Balance, coordination The Brain Stem. Reticular activating system (attention) Pons (facial expression, chewing) Medula (vital signs control) The Spinal Cord. (limb activity) Wiley Canada
The Nervous System The Peripheral Nervous System. Somatic Autonomic. Sympathetic (call to activity) Parasympathetic (call to rest) Wiley Canada
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The Endocrine System Nervous system communication through hormones The Pituitary Gland. (chemical messages from hypothalamus) Other endocrine glands and organs. Adrenal glands. (cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine) Thymus. (immunity) Thyroid. (growth and metabolism) Pancreas. (Blood sugar) Ovary, testis. (reproductive functions) Wiley Canada
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The Digestive System Mouth. Break down food particles, salivary gland action. Stomach. Initial protein digestion. Food is liquefied and mixed. Small intestine. Chemical break down, absorption. Large intestine. Water absorption and waste storage. Wiley Canada
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Digestive System Diseases Peptic Ulcer Hepatitis Cirrhosis Cancer Wiley Canada
The Respiratory System Body tissues need a constant supply of oxygen Mechanical action. (moving air in and out of the lungs) Gas Exchange. (respiration) In the alveoli, CO2 (toxic gas) is eliminated and O2 enters the blood stream Protective mechanisms. (sneezing, cough, mucous production) Impaired function. Asthma, pneumonia, bronchitis, emphysema, cancer Wiley Canada
The Cardiovascular System Blood transport of nutrients and waste removal from tissues. Chemicals and hormone distribution. The Heart. (A four chamber muscle pump nourished by the coronary arteries) Blood pressure. Systolic = 120 mmHg. Diastolic = 80 mmHg. Varies depending on demand and vascular conditions. Blood composition. (red and white cells, platelets and plasma) Cardiovascular disorders. (mostly related to blood vessel damage and blood flow abnormalities resulting in tissue damage) Wiley Canada
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The Immune System The body’s defense against foreign invaders. Antigens, Immunity Phagocytosis Cell mediated immunity. T cells Antibody mediated immunity. B cells Immunizations Stress, lifestyle and the immune system Autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus) Wiley Canada
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