Chapter 32 New Challenges 1981-Present

32.1 The Reagan Presidency President Reagan pursued a policy of deregulation. This meant cutting the rules and regulations government agencies placed on businesses. 2) Reagan appointed Sandra Day O’Connor, the first woman ever appointed to the Supreme Court.

32.1 cont…….. 3) “To be prepared for war is one of the most effective means of preserving peace.” Ronald Reagan 4)Reagan proposed an antimissile defense system, the Strategic Defense Initiative. 5) Mikhail Gorbachev, leader of the Soviet Union, tried a new policy called perestroika. He moved away from the governments near total control and allowed more democracy and local economic planning.

32.1 cont…… 6) In 1987 Reagan and Gorbachev signed an agreement called the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty. This treaty aimed to reduce the number of nuclear missiles in each others arsenal. 7) Reagan explained the agreement by quoting a Russian proverb that says “Trust but verify.”

32.2 The Bush Presidency George H.W. Bush chose Indiana senator Dan Quayle to run as his vice president in 1988. In Poland, shipyard workers won the right to form an independent labor union called Solidarity. Lech Walesa was the leader of the union.

32.2 cont….. 3) Hard-line Communists staged a coup. 4) Coup – an overthrow of the government. 5) Boris Yeltsin, president of the Russian Republic, stood on top of a tank and declared, “ Democracy will win.”

32.2 cont….. 6) Saddam Hussein was the leader of Iraq during the Persian Gulf War. 7) “ The world could wait no longer …… While the world waited, Saddam Hussein met every overture of peace with open contempt.” George H. W. Bush

32.2 cont….. 8) Slovenia, Croatia, and Bosnia-Herzegovina were all once part of Yugoslavia.

32.3 A New Century H. Ross Perot, a third party candidate in the 1992 presidential election, stressed the need to end the government deficit spending. Deficit Spending – spending more money than it takes in. In 1994, Republicans declared a contract with America. This helped rally support for their cause.

32.3 cont….. 4) In 1998 the Federal Government had a budget surplus of $80 billion. 5) President Clinton was impeached for committing perjury and obstruction of justice. 6) Impeach – Make a formal accusation of wrongdoing against a public official.

32.3 cont….. 7) North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) – a trade agreement between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. 8) The issue of recounting the Florida ballots in the 2000 presidential election was resolved by the U.S. Supreme Court. 9) By 2000 more than 10 percent of the U.S. population was foreign-born.

32.4 The War on Terrorism Osama bin Laden, a militant fundamentalist, was responsible for the Sept. 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. President Bush widened the war on terror when he singled out the countries of Iraq, Iran, and North Korea.