Day 99: Empire and Expansion Baltimore Polytechnic Institute February 6, 2017 A.P. U.S. History Mr. Green

Outcomes By the end of the lesson, students will analyze to what extent the War of 1898 established the United States as an imperialistic country

Empire and Expansion Objectives: Students will: Explain why the United States suddenly abandoned its isolationism and turned outward at the end of the nineteenth century. Describe the forces pushing for American overseas expansion and the causes of the Spanish-American War. Describe and explain the unintended results of the Spanish-American War, especially the conquest of Puerto Rico and the Philippines. Explain McKinley’s decision to keep the Philippines, and list the opposing arguments in the debate about imperialism. AP Focus Thinking Globally (The American Pageant, 14th ed., pp. 694–695) looks at how the United States came late to empire-building, which European powers had used to colonize large parts of the world in the nineteenth century. Social Darwinism is one key justification for U.S. territorial expansion. Having expanded to the Pacific Ocean by the late nineteenth century, the United States will go on to establish a global empire. The first step is to defeat Spain and take over its crumbling empire. This is accomplished in the Spanish- American War, when the United States ostensibly comes to the aid of Cubans who are seeking to break the chains of Spanish imperialism. Having defeated the Spaniards and wrested from them their empire in the Caribbean and the Pacific, the United States faces an insurgency by people who earlier were its allies, notably the Cubans and Filipinos, who bridle at what they see as a new hegemonic power.

Chapter Focus Chapter Themes In the 1890s, a number of economic and political forces sparked a spectacular burst of imperialistic expansionism for the United States that culminated in the Spanish-American War—a war that began over freeing Cuba and ended with the highly controversial acquisition of the Philippines and other territories. In the wake of the Spanish-American War, President Theodore Roosevelt pursued a bold and sometimes controversial new policy of asserting America’s influence abroad, particularly in East Asia and Latin America.

Announcements 1900, 1904, 1908, 1912 Presidential Election Charts Philippine Annexation Debate on Thursday February 9

Drill/Warm-up “We assert that no nation can long endure half republic and half empire, and we warn the American people that imperialism abroad will lead quickly and inevitably to despotism at home Democratic National Platform, 1900 1. Identify the major issues that the Democratic National Platform is warning the American public about. 2. Explain imperialism and despotism. How are these concepts related? Use examples to justify your response.

America Turns Outward Reasons for overseas expansion 1. Foreign markets 2. Expand or explode 3. Yellow journalism 4. Pious missionaries 5. Social Darwinism 6. Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan’s-new steel navy 7. Big Sister policy-rallying Latin American countries behind U.S. leadership and opening markets to U.S. traders 8. Diplomatic crises 9. Great Rapprochement

Cubans Rise in Revolt Revolted against Spain in 1895 Sugar was hurt by the American Tariff of 1894 Insurrectos torched sugar mills/canefields and some American interests ($50 million in Cuba) Lodge identified the importance of Cuba/Panama canal

Cont’d Butcher Weyler-sent by Spain to subdue Cuba in 1896 Yellow journalism-wrote stories about Cuban atrocities-Students will read about Evangelina De Lome letter-unflattering letter about McKinley Battleship Maine to Cuba-Feb. 15, 1898 War Declaration April 11, 1898 August 12, 1898 armistice Americans hurt by disease 400 died from battle 5,000 died from disease

Primary Source Analysis April 11, 1898-McKinley sends war message to Congress Teller Amendment: Cuban self-rule after war Primary Source Analysis: Students will read and analyze President McKinley’s War Message

Think about and write Question: What role did the press and public opinion play in the origin of the Spanish- American War?

America’s Course (Curse?) of Empire Treaty of Paris-Dec. 10, 1898 U.S. received: Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines ($20 million, captured after the armistice) McKinley confronted with dilemma over Philippines Philippine acquisition caused much debate-Primary Source Analysis: McKinley’s Dilemma Anti-Imperialist League White-man’s burden Prediction: What will be some of the short and long-term results of American acquisition of the Philippines and Puerto Rico?

Perplexities in Puerto Rico and Cuba Foraker Act-limited degree of popular government for Puerto Rico Citizenship in 1917 Question: Are we citizens or are we subjects? Insular cases subject to American rule but not all American rights Cuba ended yellow fever in Havana U.S. withdrew in 1902 after supporting Cuba Platt Amendment not to sign treaties that would compromise their independence not to take on debt U.S. intervene with troops sell/lease land to U.S. for naval stations

New Horizons in 2 Hemispheres War of 1898 113 days How was this "a splendid little war”? new respect in the world closed the divide between the North and South more resources to pay for its new status Question: Describe the impact the War of 1898 played in closing the divide between the North and the South.

Wrap-Up Hand in today! Analyze to what extent the War of 1898 established the United States as an imperialistic country.

Homework Begin Reading second ½ of Chapter 27 page 685-696 Prepare for 5 question quiz on Thursday