18.1 Questions
Time Period and Geography
Ghazis Warriors of Islam Osman Military societies under an emir
2. Osman’s Followers Ottomans Turkish in background at first
3. Ottoman Success Gunpowder Archers replaced w/ muskets
4. Sultan Overlord, one with power Think autocrat Orkhan I, Osman’s son coined term
5. Conquered People Treated well Local officials under sultan Improved peasant life Muslims= army, non-Muslim=taxes
6. Mehmed II Constantinople Istanbul City population was low Opened borders to many religions and ethnicities Sparked social, economic, and cultural growth
7. Selim the Grim Mecca, Medina, and Cairo Syria, Palestine, and North Africa
8. Peak Leader Suleyman the Lawgiver 1520-1566 Suleyman the Magnificent in West Cultural achievements
9. Suleyman Conquers Belgrade (Europe), Tripoli (NA) Mediterranean Coastal regions of North Africa Waged war with Africa, Asia, and Europe
10. Suleyman’s Society Law code for criminals and civil actions Simplified taxes Reduced bureaucracy “Lawgiver”
11. Devshirme System Sultan’s army drafted boys from conquered Christian territories Educated, converted to Islam, trained Slave system
12. Janissaries Soldiers loyal only to Sultan 30,000 elite soldiers
13. Millet System “Nations” within empire open to religious freedom Requirement of Islam Millets had to report to Sultan Could have own religious laws and practices
14. Sinan’s Masterpiece Mosque of Suleyman
15. Sultan System Failure Practice of sultan having brothers strangled Weak rulers Limit sons
Turkey Today Turkish Issues